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27 Mar 2000

Volume 76, Issue 13, pp. 1641-1784

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Electron-beam-induced conduction in a ruthenium carbonyl nanoparticle polymer

M. D. R. Thomas, H. Ahmed, K. M. Sanderson, D. S. Shephard, B. F. G. Johnson, and W. Zhou

Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1773 (2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126163 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

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A polymer composed of ruthenium carbonyl and of the formula [Ru6C(CO)15Ph2PCCPPh2]n has been synthesized. It is found to behave as a negative electron-beam resist with a sensitivity of 400 C/m2. Upon exposure to the electron beam, the electrical conductivity of the patterned films is found to vary over seven orders of magnitude according to a power-law dependence on dose. Temperature dependence of the conductivity is studied, and the conduction is attributed to variable-range hopping between ruthenium superclusters in two dimensions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds
73.50.Dn Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance
85.40.Hp Lithography, masks and pattern transfer
73.63.-b Electronic transport in nanoscale materials and structures

Field emission from well-aligned, patterned, carbon nanotube emitters

Hirohiko Murakami, Masaaki Hirakawa, Chiaki Tanaka, and Hiroyuki Yamakawa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1776 (2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126164 (3 pages) | Cited 179 times

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We have developed a process to fabricate well-aligned, patterned, carbon nanotube field emitters on glass substrates. The process consists of depositing and patterning a nickel-based metal line on the glass substrate followed by a bias-enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition to grow carbon nanotube emitters. A turn-on field of 1.2 V/μm, and emission currents of 1 mA/cm2 at 3 V/μm were achieved on well-aligned carbon nanotube emitters. A test of cathode-ray tube lighting elements now underway suggests a lifetime of exceeding 10 000 h. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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73.61.Wp Fullerenes and related materials
79.70.+q Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption
61.48.-c Structure of fullerenes and related hollow and planar molecular structures
71.20.Tx Fullerenes and related materials; intercalation compounds

An optical spin micromotor

Zong-Ping Luo, Yu-Long Sun, and Kai-Nan An

Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1779 (2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126165 (3 pages) | Cited 28 times

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An optical spin micromotor operated by optical tweezers, described in the present study, converts radiant energy directly to mechanical energy. This conversion is of great practical and fundamental interest. The optical spin micromotor consists of a two-bead linkage. The large bead (2.0 μm in diameter) is trapped by the optical tweezers and rotates around the laser beam axis. The small bead (0.94 μm in diameter) is partially coated with gold/palladium for generating the spin torque through the change of momentum from gradient radiation pressure of the same laser applied on the coated small bead. With a laser power of 29 mW at the sample plane, the spin speed averaged 158.8±155.5 rpm (mean±standard deviation) and the torque was estimated as 101.9±99.8 pN nm. This optical spin micromotor will be useful in (1) providing a fundamental step toward developing optical-operated mechanical devices, (2) twisting macromolecules, and (3) generating vortex and shear force in medium at nanoscale. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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37.10.Vz Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions

The kinetics and mechanism of scanned probe oxidation of Si

E. S. Snow, G. G. Jernigan, and P. M. Campbell

Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1782 (2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126166 (3 pages) | Cited 47 times

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We report measurements of the kinetics of scanned probe oxidation under conditions of high humidity and pulsed bias. For a hydrophobic Si surface the oxidation rate for short pulse times (∼10 ms) is controlled by the density of H2O molecules in the ambient humidity surrounding the tip-sample interface. At longer pulse times (∼0.1 s) liquid H2O bridges this interface and the maximum oxidation rate increases by a factor of ∼ 104 because of the increased density of H2O molecules. We propose that the rate-limiting step of the oxidation process is the production of O anions from the ambient humidity. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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81.65.Mq Oxidation
81.05.Cy Elemental semiconductors
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