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26 Jun 2000

Volume 76, Issue 26, pp. 3849-4013

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Heterogeneously integrated organic light-emitting diodes with complementary metal–oxide–silicon circuitry

D. L. Mathine, H. S. Woo, W. He, T. W. Kim, B. Kippelen, and N. Peyghambarian

Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 3849 (2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126798 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

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Top-emitting arrays of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been fabricated and demonstrated on complementary metal–oxide–silicon (CMOS) circuitry. The 8×8 array of OLEDs is composed of 90 μm micropixels with a 55 μm separation. The OLEDs are based on an emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) doped with coumarin 6 to provide green light emission. A layer of N,N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)1-1′-biphenyl 1-4, 4′-diamine (TPD) was used as a hole transport layer and poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrenesulfonate was used as a buffer layer between the TPD and the CMOS anode metal. Bright light was emitted through a semitransparent Mg:Ag cathode when the micropixel was driven by an individual current source. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
85.30.Tv Field effect devices
85.40.-e Microelectronics: LSI, VLSI, ULSI; integrated circuit fabrication technology

70+ μm deep domain inversion in X-cut LiNbO3 and its use in a high-speed bandpass integrated-optic modulator

Tetsuya Kishino, Robert F. Tavlykaev, and Ramu V. Ramaswamy

Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 3852 (2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126799 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

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A deep domain inversion (DI) technique for X-cut LiNbO3 is reported. DI regions as deep as 70 μm, i.e., deep enough for virtually any guided-wave application, were obtained by electric-field poling, with even deeper DI regions possible. As an application of the DI technique, a bandpass traveling-wave Mach–Zehnder modulator is demonstrated with a 15 GHz bandwidth centered at 21 GHz. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
81.05.Je Ceramics and refractories (including borides, carbides, hydrides, nitrides, oxides, and silicides)
42.82.Gw Other integrated-optical elements and systems
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
42.79.Hp Optical processors, correlators, and modulators
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression

Efficient, high-bandwidth organic multilayer photodetectors

P. Peumans, V. Bulović, and S. R. Forrest

Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 3855 (2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126800 (3 pages) | Cited 90 times

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Organic photodetectors incorporating an ultrathin (⩾5 Å) donor–acceptor alternating multilayer stack as the optically active region exhibit external quantum efficiencies of 75% across the visible spectrum, and have subnanosecond response times. Photogenerated excitons efficiently dissociate into free electrons and holes by rapid charge-transfer across the several closely spaced organic-layer interfaces. The dependence of the quantum efficiency on applied voltage and layer thickness suggests that escape of photogenerated carriers from potential wells formed by the multilayers due to tunneling prior to recombination leads to the high efficiencies observed. The impulse response of the highest-bandwidth devices is characterized by a full width at half maximum of (720±70) ps. The performance of these devices makes them a useful building block for molecular organic photonic integrated circuits. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)

Spectral analysis of polymer microring lasers

R. C. Polson, G. Levina, and Z. V. Vardeny

Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 3858 (2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126801 (3 pages) | Cited 33 times

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The emission spectra of microring lasers made of π-conjugated polymer films that coat glass optical fibers are analyzed with the help of a Fourier transform. This method allows for the assignment of photopumped emission lines to integral Bessel functions and a more precise determination of the laser threshold excitation intensity based on harmonic analysis. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
42.55.Sa Microcavity and microdisk lasers
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