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21 May 2001

Volume 78, Issue 21, pp. 3163-3363

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Reducing photorefractive effect in periodically poled ZnO- and MgO-doped LiNbO3 wavelength converters

Masaki Asobe, Osamu Tadanaga, Tsutomu Yanagawa, Hiroki Itoh, and Hiroyuki Suzuki

Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3163 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1374228 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

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The photorefractive effect in annealed proton-exchanged waveguides in periodically poled nondoped, MgO- and ZnO-doped LiNbO3 was evaluated by monitoring the quasiphase matching (QPM) wavelength shift induced by a 0.784-μm-irradiating light. The QPM wavelength shift was reduced at room temperature by a factor of 3–6 in ZnO- and MgO-doped samples compared with the nondoped samples within a 104–105-W/cm2-irradiation intensity range. The doped samples exhibited no significant wavelength shifts when the temperature was raised to slightly above room temperature (50–60 °C). © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
Show PACS
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
42.79.Sz Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and demultiplexers
42.65.Wi Nonlinear waveguides
42.65.Jx Beam trapping, self-focusing and defocusing; self-phase modulation
42.79.Nv Optical frequency converters
42.70.Nq Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials

Generic degradation mechanism for 980 nm InxGa1−xAs/GaAs strained quantum-well lasers

S. N. G. Chu, N. Chand, W. B. Joyce, P. Parayanthal, and D. P. Wilt

Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3166 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1371967 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

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We have observed In out diffusion from strained InxGa1−xAs quantum wells into the adjacent GaAs barriers in degraded 980-nm-wavelength strained quantum-well lasers. A previous calculation on misfit stress-induced compositional instability indicates that this material system is stable with respect to misfit strain. Therefore, the out diffusion of In from an InxGa1−xAs quantum well is mainly driven by the compositional discontinuity across the well/barrier heterointerfaces, and is believed to be activated by the nonradiative recombination of injected carriers. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors
81.05.Ea III-V semiconductors
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
85.35.Be Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.)
66.30.Ny Chemical interdiffusion; diffusion barriers
68.35.Fx Diffusion; interface formation
68.35.Ct Interface structure and roughness
68.35.Gy Mechanical properties; surface strains

Time-resolved optical microscopy of a laser-based forward transfer process

D. Young, R. C. Y. Auyeung, A. Piqué, D. B. Chrisey, and Dana D. Dlott

Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3169 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1372200 (3 pages) | Cited 29 times

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Matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write was investigated by ultrahigh speed optical microscopy. A composite barium–zirconium titanate/α-terpineol layer was irradiated by 355 nm laser pulses with a 150 ns pulse width, and it was observed that material removal does not begin until after the end of the pulse (t>200 ns) and continues for 1 μs after the irradiation. The desorption plume consists of micron-size particles moving with a velocity of ∼0.2 km/s. The slow response is attributed to the combination of particle absorbers and highly viscous fluid. The ability to form continuous, pinhole-free coatings is due to slow coalescence of the particles. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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79.20.Ds Laser-beam impact phenomena
68.43.Tj Photon stimulated desorption
79.20.La Photon- and electron-stimulated desorption
78.47.-p Spectroscopy of solid state dynamics
42.62.Cf Industrial applications
07.60.Pb Conventional optical microscopes

3.6 mW blue light by direct frequency doubling of a diode laser using an aperiodically poled lithium niobate crystal

D. J. L. Birkin, E. U. Rafailov, G. S. Sokolovskii, W. Sibbett, G. W. Ross, P. G. R. Smith, and D. C. Hanna

Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3172 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1354160 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

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3.6 mW blue (490 nm) light has been generated from a frequency-doubled, gain-switched InGaAs/GaAs diode laser using an aperiodically poled lithium niobate crystal. The matching of the crystal acceptance bandwidth to the laser spectral profile resulted in significant improvements to the conversion efficiency. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.70.Mp Nonlinear optical crystals

Velocity control and staging in laser wakefield accelerators using segmented capillary discharges

D. Kaganovich, A. Zigler, R. F. Hubbard, P. Sprangle, and A. Ting

Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3175 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1373407 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

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To achieve multi-GeV electron energies in the laser wakefield accelerator, it is necessary to propagate an intense laser pulse long distances in plasma channels while maintaining a proper phase with the accelerated electrons. We have demonstrated a method that allows control of the laser group velocity in long, multistage plasma channels. The control is achieved by modifying the index of refraction through a variation of the plasma density using a segmented capillary discharge. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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41.75.Jv Laser-driven acceleration
52.38.Kd Laser-plasma acceleration of electrons and ions
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
52.70.Kz Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements

Photonic band-gap properties of opaline lattices of spherical colloids doped with various concentrations of smaller colloids

Byron Gates and Younan Xia

Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3178 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1374229 (3 pages) | Cited 29 times

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Monodispersed polystyrene beads have been organized into highly ordered, three-dimensional (3D) lattices using a self-assembly procedure recently demonstrated by our group. Such a 3D periodic structure consisting of high and low dielectric regions exhibits a pseudo-band gap (or a stop band) in the optical regime, with the position of this gap mainly determined by the size of the polymer beads. Doping of this 3D crystalline lattice with polymer beads of a smaller size was found to have a profound influence on the order (and thus the photonic band-gap properties) of the lattice. When the concentration of the dopant reached a certain level, phase segregation occurred which led to the formation of samples with relatively smaller domain sizes. In accordance, the attenuation (or rejection ratio) of the stop band also decreased monotonically as the doping level was increased. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
82.70.Dd Colloids
78.40.Me Organic compounds and polymers
64.75.-g Phase equilibria

Photonic band gap properties of CdS-in-opal systems

A. Blanco, H. Míguez, F. Meseguer, C. López, F. López-Tejeira, and J. Sánchez-Dehesa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3181 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1370981 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

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Silica opals are used as templates where CdS is infiltrated with the aim to build inverse structures with enhanced photonic band gap properties. A control on the degree of infiltration, from 0% to 100%, is attained. The band gap at L is studied finding that the width decreases and then recovers as a function of CdS infilling (from bare opal to fully loaded structure). This is well accounted for by theory based on two different modes for the growth of CdS inside the opal pores. A shell mode seems to govern the growth at low infiltration (less than 10%). High quality opal templates, appropriate sintering, and a high and uniform infiltration are required to ensure further optical characterization of the inverse systems. Only heavily loaded structures are apt to be inverted. The gap in the fully loaded and the inverse opal are, respectively, two and three times broader than in the starting opal. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials

Single-polarization single-mode intraband guidance in supersquare photonic crystals fibers

Albert Ferrando and Juan José Miret

Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3184 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1353837 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

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We present a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal structure exhibiting appealing guiding properties as an optical fiber. The structure can be regarded as a dislocation of a variant from a 2D square photonic crystal and shows a large photonic band gap for on-axis illumination. The introduction of an off-lattice hole in the structure acts as a defect and generates a highly anisotropic intraband guidance. The combination of very strong anisotropy and intraband guidance gives rise to a mechanism of polarization discrimination in optical fiber propagation that enables this guiding structure to operate as a single-polarization single-mode fiber over a wide wavelength window. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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42.81.Gs Birefringence, polarization
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
71.55.Ht Other nonmetals
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