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22 Jan 2001

Volume 78, Issue 4, pp. 393-559

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Optically driven micromachine elements

M. E. J. Friese, H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, J. Gold, P. Hagberg, and D. Hanstorp

Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 547 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1339995 (3 pages) | Cited 62 times

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We report on a proof of principle demonstration of an optically driven micromachine element. Optical angular momentum is transferred from a circularly polarized laser beam to a birefringent particle confined in an optical tweezers trap. The optical torque causes the particle to spin at up to 350 Hz, and this torque is harnessed to drive an optically trapped microfabricated structure. We describe a photolithographic method for producing the microstructures and show how a light driven motor could be used in a micromachine system. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer
37.10.Vz Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices

Thermally stimulated current method applied on diodes with high concentration of deep trapping levels

I. Pintilie, L. Pintilie, M. Moll, E. Fretwurst, and G. Lindstroem

Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 550 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1335852 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

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We propose an improved method of thermally stimulated currents (TSC) spectra analysis in the case of diodes having a concentration of traps higher than that of doping impurities. Beside the calculation of trap concentrations from TSC peaks analysis, the method allows us to evaluate the density and the type of the very deep trapping level which, due to the contribution of leakage current, can not be detected in a real TSC experiment. The proposed method is applied to a p+-n Silicon diode irradiated with 1.82×1013neutrons/cm2. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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85.30.Kk Junction diodes
73.50.Gr Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, trapping, mean free paths
61.80.Hg Neutron radiation effects

Acoustic imaging by second harmonic of phase-conjugate wave in inhomogeneous medium

Yu. Pyl’nov, P. Pernod, and V. Preobrazhensky

Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 553 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1342205 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

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Application of the supercritical magnetoelastic wave phase conjugation to harmonic imaging in acoustic C-scan microscopy is demonstrated. Second-harmonic generation by phase-conjugate wave is used for improvement of resolution of an imaging system. Possibility to compensate phase aberrations introduced in harmonic image by inhomogeneity of propagation medium is shown experimentally and explained theoretically. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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43.58.Ls Acoustical lenses and microscopes
43.25.Ba Parameters of nonlinearity of the medium
43.80.Qf Medical diagnosis with acoustics
43.35.Rw Magnetoacoustic effect; oscillations and resonance
46.25.Hf Thermoelasticity and electromagnetic elasticity (electroelasticity, magnetoelasticity)
87.57.C- Image quality
87.63.D- Ultrasonography

Performance of cryogenic microbolometers and calorimeters with on-chip coolers

D. V. Anghel, A. Luukanen, and J. P. Pekola

Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 556 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1339261 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

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Astronomical observations of cosmic sources in the far-infrared and x-ray bands require extreme sensitivity. The most sensitive detectors are cryogenic bolometers and calorimeters operating typically at about 100 mK. The last stage of cooling (from 300 to 100 mK) often poses significant difficulties in space-borne experiments, both in system complexity and in reliability. We address the possibility of using refrigeration based on normal metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions as the last stage cooler for cryogenic thermal detectors. We compare two possible schemes: direct cooling of the electron gas of the detector with the aid of NIS tunnel junctions and the indirect cooling method, when the detector lattice is cooled by the refrigerating system, while the electron gas temperature is decreased by electron–phonon interaction. The latter method is found to allow at least an order of magnitude improvement in detector noise equivalent power compared to direct electron cooling. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
Show PACS
07.20.Fw Calorimeters
07.57.Kp Bolometers; infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave receivers and detectors
95.55.Rg Photoconductors and bolometers
74.45.+c Proximity effects; Andreev reflection; SN and SNS junctions
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