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10 Sep 2001

Volume 79, Issue 11, pp. 1587-1734

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Femtosecond light scattering spectroscopy of single gold nanoparticles

Tamitake Itoh, Tsuyoshi Asahi, and Hiroshi Masuhara

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1667 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1402962 (3 pages) | Cited 34 times

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We have developed an ultrafast, light-scattering spectroscopic system combining a conventional microscope with a pump–probe setup. We successfully measured the surface plasmon resonance band for the individual gold particles with a mean radius of 40 nm. The results on the pump–probe experiment demonstrate that both the electron–phonon and the phonon–phonon coupling processes in the individual gold particles take place with the lifetimes of 4 ps and >25 ps, respectively. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
78.35.+c Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering; other light scattering
73.22.Lp Collective excitations
78.47.-p Spectroscopy of solid state dynamics
63.22.-m Phonons or vibrational states in low-dimensional structures and nanoscale materials
63.20.K- Phonon interactions

Carbon nanotube films prepared by thermal chemical vapor deposition at low temperature for field emission applications

Y. J. Li, Z. Sun, S. P. Lau, G. Y. Chen, and B. K. Tay

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1670 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1391397 (3 pages) | Cited 22 times

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Mirror-like smooth carbon nanotube (CNT) films were grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition on glass substrate at a relatively low temperature of 570 °C. Cobalt-containing amorphous carbon composite films were employed as a catalyst layer for the growth of CNTs by decomposing acetylene in a tube furnace. The diameter of the CNTs was around 10 nm and the root-mean-square roughness of the film was about 12 nm, indicating a relatively smooth surface. A high emission current density of 12 mA/cm2 and relatively uniform emission sites were obtained from this type of CNT films. The relatively smooth CNT films, which can be deposited at low temperature on glass substrates and compatible with current semiconductor processes, have a potential for fabricating high-density gated CNT field emitter array. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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81.07.De Nanotubes
81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.)
85.45.Db Field emitters and arrays, cold electron emitters
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
68.35.B- Structure of clean surfaces (and surface reconstruction)
79.70.+q Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption

Microstructure and field-emission characteristics of boron-doped Si nanoparticle chains

Y. H. Tang, X. H. Sun, F. C. K. Au, L. S. Liao, H. Y. Peng, C. S. Lee, S. T. Lee, and T. K. Sham

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1673 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1396313 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

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One-dimensional boron-doped Si nanoparticle chains synthesized in bulk quantity using laser ablating SiO powder mixed with B2O3 powder have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and measured by electron field emission. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the outer diameters of the nanoparticles in the chains were around 15 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the nanoparticles had perfect lattices with an 11 nm crystalline core and a 2 nm amorphous oxide outerlayer while the distance of the interparticles was 4 nm. Field-emission measurement showed that the turn-on field of Si nanoparticle chains was 6 V/μm, which was much lower than that of undoped Si nanowires (9 V/μm). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the Si nanoparticles had been heavily doped by boron. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
79.70.+q Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption
79.60.Bm Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces
81.05.Cy Elemental semiconductors

Field-induced Coulomb coupling in semiconductor macroatoms: Application to single-electron quantum devices

Irene D’Amico and Fausto Rossi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1676 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1399003 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

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An original approach for the control of exciton–exciton Coulomb coupling in semiconductor macroatoms/molecules is proposed. We show that by applying properly tailored external fields, we can induce—or significantly reinforce—excitonic dipoles, which in turn allows one to control and magnify intra- as well as interdot few-exciton effects. Such a dipole–dipole interaction mechanism will be accounted for within a simple analytical model, which is found to be in good agreement with fully three-dimensional calculations. The proposed approach may play an important role for the design and realization of fully optical quantum gates as well as ultrafast optical switches. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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85.35.Gv Single electron devices
73.21.La Quantum dots
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena
85.35.Ds Quantum interference devices

Line broadening caused by Coulomb carrier–carrier correlations and dynamics of carrier capture and emission in quantum dots

A. V. Uskov, I. Magnusdottir, B. Tromborg, J. Mørk, and R. Lang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1679 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1401778 (3 pages) | Cited 22 times

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Mechanisms of pure dephasing in quantum dots due to Coulomb correlations and the dynamics of carrier capture and emission are suggested, and a phenomenological model for the dephasing is developed. It is shown that, if the rates of these capture and emission processes are sufficiently high, significant homogeneous line broadening of the order of several meV can result. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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78.67.Hc Quantum dots
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
73.50.Gr Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, trapping, mean free paths
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
73.21.La Quantum dots

Self-organized carbon nanotips

Jin Jang, Suk Jae Chung, Hong Sik Kim, Sung Hoon Lim, and Choong Hun Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1682 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1401777 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

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We have developed a carbon nanostructure, which is comprised of high-density carbon nanotips on a graphite layer. These carbon nanotips, with tip diameters of ∼ 10 nm, are grown by high-density plasma chemical vapor deposition onto Ni-coated Si using an inductively coupled plasma. The Ni on Si changes into NiSi2 by substrate heating. First, a carbon buffer layer and then a graphene sheet are formed on the NiSi2. Then, the carbon nanotips are grown by a C2H2/H2 plasma on the graphene sheet. The carbon nanotips show good adhesion to the substrate and are almost aligned, with an average length of 110 nm. They exhibit a turn-on field of 0.1 V/μm, a field amplification factor of ∼ 13 000, a current density of 2 mA/cm2 at a field of 2 V/μm, and uniform electron emission. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
81.05.U- Carbon/carbon-based materials
81.16.Dn Self-assembly
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
52.77.Dq Plasma-based ion implantation and deposition
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.)
68.35.Np Adhesion
79.70.+q Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption

Self-assembly of one-dimensional molecular and atomic chains using striped alkanethiol structures as templates

Changgan Zeng, Bing Wang, Bin Li, Haiqian Wang, and J. G. Hou

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1685 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1402648 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

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Well-ordered striped structures are developed from alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers on an Au(111) surface following well-controlled annealing processes. We demonstrate here that such regular concave–convex molecular structures can be used as the templates for growing one-dimensional molecular and atomic chains. By depositing C60 molecules onto the striped surface, C60 bimolecular chains are self-assembled. Due to the breaking of C–S bonds under certain conditions, residual S atoms can form a S monoatomic chain between two adjacent stripe pairs of thoroughly lying-down molecules. Possible growth mechanisms are discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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81.16.Dn Self-assembly
81.05.ub Fullerenes and related materials
81.07.Nb Molecular nanostructures
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
36.40.Mr Spectroscopy and geometrical structure of clusters
61.48.-c Structure of fullerenes and related hollow and planar molecular structures
68.43.Fg Adsorbate structure (binding sites, geometry)
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
61.72.Cc Kinetics of defect formation and annealing
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials

Observation of dynamic behavior of lithographically induced self-assembly of supramolecular periodic pillar arrays in a homopolymer film

Paru Deshpande, Xiaoyun Sun, and Stephen Y. Chou

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1688 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1398616 (3 pages) | Cited 28 times

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The dynamic behavior of lithographically induced self-assembly (LISA), a newly discovered pattern formation phenomenon, was recorded and analyzed with real time video. Two surprising and intriguing phenomena were observed. First, a LISA pillar array was formed in an orderly manner starting under the corners of a mask pattern, then the edges, and later propagating to the center of the mask pattern. Second, the time interval between the formation of two subsequent LISA pillars has a shell structure. The observation presents evidence critical to uncovering the physical origin of this phenomenon, which is believed to be related to the interplay of electrodynamics, fluid hydrodynamics, and polymer chemistry at the nanometer scale.© 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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81.16.Dn Self-assembly
61.41.+e Polymers, elastomers, and plastics
85.40.Hp Lithography, masks and pattern transfer
81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural fibers; organometallic and organic materials
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
81.16.Rf Micro- and nanoscale pattern formation
81.16.Nd Micro- and nanolithography

Nanotweezers consisting of carbon nanotubes operating in an atomic force microscope

Seiji Akita, Yoshikazu Nakayama, Syotaro Mizooka, Yuichi Takano, Takashi Okawa, Yu Miyatake, Sigenori Yamanaka, Masashi Tsuji, and Toshikazu Nosaka

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1691 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1403275 (3 pages) | Cited 87 times

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We have developed nanotweezers consisting of carbon nanotubes that will operate in an atomic force microscope. The two nanotubes were attached on the metal electrodes patterned on a conventional Si tip and their fixations were made by carbon deposition. These processes were made under the view of a scanning electron microscope. The application of a dc voltage to the two nanotube arms induces their movement to approach each other. The numerical simulation by taking into account the balance between the electrostatic attraction and the bending moment of the nanotubes well explains the motion of the nanotube arms. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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81.16.Ta Atom manipulation
07.79.Lh Atomic force microscopes
81.07.De Nanotubes
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
68.37.Ps Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
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