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3 Dec 2001

Volume 79, Issue 23, pp. 3749-3889

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Porosity characterization by beam-based three-photon positron annihilation spectroscopy

Mihail P. Petkov, Marc H. Weber, Kelvin G. Lynn, and Kenneth P. Rodbell

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3884 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1421090 (3 pages) | Cited 33 times

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We present a straightforward and fast positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) technique for measuring the 2 to 3 photon annihilation ratio of Ps (electron-positron) atoms (3γ PAS), utilized here for the nondestructive characterization of mesoporous (pore size >1 nm) dielectric films. Examples are given for ∼1-μm-thick foamed methyl-silsesquioxane (MSSQ) films, produced by mixing MSSQ (0–90 wt % fraction) with a sacrificial foaming agent (porogen). Probing these films as a function of depth allows one to monitor Ps escape from interconnected pores and to determine the threshold for pore interconnectivity to the film surface. A classical treatment of Ps diffusion is used to calculate the open and closed porosity fractions as a function of the initial porogen load. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
Show PACS
78.70.Bj Positron annihilation
61.80.Fe Electron and positron radiation effects
61.82.Pv Polymers, organic compounds
77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.84.Jd Polymers; organic compounds
82.70.Rr Aerosols and foams
36.10.Dr Positronium
78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds

Probing the confined dynamics of a spherical colloid close to a surface by combined optical trapping and reflection interference contrast microscopy

François Nadal, Alexandre Dazzi, Françoise Argoul, and Bernard Pouligny

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3887 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1423790 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

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A reflection interference contrast microscope and a two-beam optical trap have been combined to measure the interaction force between a colloidal particle (latex) and a solid wall (quartz plate). The particle-wall separation is measured with a nanometric resolution. The technique reveals the film drainage effect when the particle gets close to the wall and allows deducing the particle-wall equilibrium force profile, in the 0.1 to 10 pN range. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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82.70.Dd Colloids
07.60.Ly Interferometers
37.10.Vz Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions
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