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17 Dec 2001

Volume 79, Issue 25, pp. 4073-4251

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Self-assembled patterns of iron oxide nanoparticles by hydrothermal chemical-vapor deposition

Zhengjun Zhang, B. Q. Wei, and P. M. Ajayan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4207 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1426256 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

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Here, we report a hydrothermal chemical-vapor deposition process, which produces self-assembled patterns of iron oxide nanoparticles. By exposing a planar silica substrate to a prevaporized mixture of water, ferrocene [Fe(C5H5)2] and xylene (C8H10), at temperatures of ∼1000 °C, Fe2O3 nanoparticles are deposited on the substrate surface, in regular circular patterns. The particle sizes are less than 100 nm, and are organized into submicron-size patterns. The same process without water produces arrays of carbon nanotubes catalyzed by iron nanoparticles that are formed by the decomposition of ferrocene molecules. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
81.16.Dn Self-assembly
81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.)
78.30.Hv Other nonmetallic inorganics
78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
81.16.Hc Catalytic methods

Imaging the interlayer interactions of multiwall carbon nanotubes using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

A. Hassanien, A. Mrzel, M. Tokumoto, and D. Tománek

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4210 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1427743 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

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Using atomically-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we probe the nature of interwall interactions within multiwall carbon nanotubes at room temperature. We find that, at low bias voltages, the tunnel current depends strongly on the atomic position, introducing visibility differences between adjacent lattice sites. Since all atoms are equally visible in analogous measurements on single-wall nanotubes, we conclude that these modulations are introduced by the interwall interactions and provide unique information about the stacking nature. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
73.22.Dj Single particle states

Structural deformation of single-walled carbon nanotubes and fullerene encapsulation due to magnetized-plasma ion irradiation

G.-H. Jeong, R. Hatakeyama, T. Hirata, K. Tohji, K. Motomiya, N. Sato, and Y. Kawazoe

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4213 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1427744 (3 pages) | Cited 19 times

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Positive and negative bias-voltages are applied to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in magnetized alkali–metal and alkali–fullerene plasmas. When accelerated ions are irradiated to the SWNTs through plasma sheaths, drastic structural deformations such as deflection and tube cutting of the SWNTs are observed to take place. Furthermore, this phenomenon is found to be accompanied by the fullerene encapsulation inside the SWNTs in the case of the positive-bias application in the alkali–fullerene plasma, giving the possibility that various kinds of atoms and molecules can effectively be intercalated by our plasma method. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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81.07.De Nanotubes
61.82.Rx Nanocrystalline materials
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
62.25.-g Mechanical properties of nanoscale systems
52.77.-j Plasma applications
61.80.Jh Ion radiation effects

Quantum dots in suspended single-wall carbon nanotubes

Jesper Nygård and David H. Cobden

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4216 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1428117 (3 pages) | Cited 45 times

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We present a simple technique which uses a self-aligned oxide etch to suspend individual single-wall carbon nanotubes between metallic electrodes. This enables one to compare the properties of a particular nanotube before and after suspension, as well as to study transport in suspended tubes. As an example of the utility of the technique, we study quantum dots in suspended tubes, finding that their capacitances are reduced owing to the removal of the dielectric substrate. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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68.65.Hb Quantum dots (patterned in quantum wells)
61.48.-c Structure of fullerenes and related hollow and planar molecular structures
81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning

Shape transition of coherent three-dimensional (In,Ga)As islands on GaAs(100)

Wenquan Ma, Richard Nötzel, Hans-Peter Schönherr, and Klaus H. Ploog

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4219 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1428107 (3 pages) | Cited 30 times

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The shape transition of coherent three-dimensional (3D) islands is observed experimentally in the (In,Ga)As/GaAs(100) material system. In the molecular-beam epitaxy of a 1.8-nm-thick In0.35Ga0.65As single layer, we find that the shape of the coherent 3D islands transforms from round to elongated when increasing the growth temperature. A quantitative agreement of our experimental data with the theoretical work of Tersoff and Tromp is achieved. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
81.05.Ea III-V semiconductors
81.15.Hi Molecular, atomic, ion, and chemical beam epitaxy

Luminescence of nanocrystalline ZnSe:Cu

J. F. Suyver, T. van der Beek, S. F. Wuister, J. J. Kelly, and A. Meijerink

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4222 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1428118 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

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A chemical synthesis is described in which ZnSe:Cu particles slowly grow to a final size of ∼ 3.5 nm radius in 4 h reaction time. During particle growth, samples are extracted to study the luminescence as a function of particle size and temperature. Quantum size effects are observed to influence both the ZnSe and the Cu2+ luminescence. Temperature-dependent measurements on the luminescence intensity, lifetime, and peak positions are reported and discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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78.55.Et II-VI semiconductors
78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials

Interfacial characteristics of a carbon nanotube–polystyrene composite system

Kin Liao and Sean Li

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4225 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1428116 (3 pages) | Cited 153 times

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The performance of a composite material system is critically controlled by the interfacial characteristics of the reinforcement and the matrix material. Here we report a study on the interfacial characteristics of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced polystyrene (PS) composite system through molecular mechanics simulations and elasticity calculations. In the absence of atomic bonding between the reinforcement and the matrix material, it is found that the nonbond interactions consists of electrostatic and van der Waals interaction, deformation induced by these forces, as well as stress/deformation arising from mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion. All of these contribute to the interfacial stress transfer ability, the critical parameter controlling material performance. Results of a CNT pullout simulation suggests that the interfacial shear stress of the CNT–PS system is about 160 MPa, significantly higher than most carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite systems. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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68.35.Gy Mechanical properties; surface strains
65.80.-g Thermal properties of small particles, nanocrystals, nanotubes, and other related systems
81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
62.20.D- Elasticity
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity
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