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31 Dec 2001

Volume 79, Issue 27, pp. 4479-4603

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Repetitive plasma discharges in saline solutions

K. R. Stalder, J. Woloszko, I. G. Brown, and C. D. Smith

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4503 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1429752 (3 pages) | Cited 42 times

Online Publication Date: 13 March 2002

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We describe some observations of plasma formation in aqueous electrolyte solutions (containing either sodium chloride or barium chloride), using a small planar electrode configuration driven by a repetitive bipolar voltage source. Plasma pulses of a few microseconds duration were established by a 100 kHz square wave of a few hundred volts peak to peak, drawing a current during the plasma period of several hundred milliamperes. Spectral measurements show the presence of strong ion lines, confirming that plasma is formed in the liquid. The process produces chemical radicals such as OH and, when placed in proximity to biological tissue, causes biological material volumetric removal, opening possibilities for new kinds of plasma-driven electrosurgery such as tissue debulking or cutting. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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52.80.Wq Discharge in liquids and solids
87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
52.50.-b Plasma production and heating

Cross-correlation measurement of ultrashort soft x-ray pulse emitted from femtosecond laser-produced plasma using optical field-induced ionization

Katsuya Oguri, Hidetoshi Nakano, Tadashi Nishikawa, and Naoshi Uesugi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4506 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430506 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 13 March 2002

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We propose a cross-correlation technique for measuring ultrashort soft x-ray pulse shapes using the rapid increase in Kr+ ion density caused by optical field-induced ionization, which operates as an ultrafast x-ray absorption switch. Using this technique, we measured the shape of a soft x-ray pulse near 15.6 nm emitted from W plasma produced by a 100 fs laser pulse, and found the duration to be about 4 ps assuming a Gaussian pulse. This result was in good agreement with the duration measured with an x-ray streak camera thus confirming the feasibility of our technique. The temporal resolution of this technique has the potential to overcome the limitation of the ionizing pulse duration. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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52.70.La X-ray and γ-ray measurements
52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)
06.60.Jn High-speed techniques (microsecond to femtosecond)
07.85.Fv X- and γ-ray sources, mirrors, gratings, and detectors
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