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20 Aug 2001

Volume 79, Issue 8, pp. 1073-1217

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Performance of Co/Al2O3/NiFe magnetic tunnel junctions prepared by a two-step rf plasma oxidation method

K. S. Yoon, J. H. Park, J. H. Choi, J. Y. Yang, C. H. Lee, C. O. Kim, J. P. Hong, and T. W. Kang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1160 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1391407 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

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A two-step rf plasma oxidation technique of an insulating layer has been performed to enhance electrical and structural properties of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices. Comparison was made by analyzing properties of the MTJ oxidized by conventional rf and two-step rf plasma oxidation methods. Experimentally observed results give improved surface imaging and sufficient oxygen contents of the insulating layer under the two-step oxidation method. In addition, electrical breakdown voltage and magnetoresistance of the MTJ were increased from 0.7 to 1.8 V and from 4.5% to 6.8%, respectively, correlated with improved structural information. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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75.70.Cn Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures)
68.65.Ac Multilayers
81.65.Mq Oxidation
75.47.De Giant magnetoresistance
52.77.-j Plasma applications
85.75.Dd Magnetic memory using magnetic tunnel junctions
73.40.Rw Metal-insulator-metal structures
75.45.+j Macroscopic quantum phenomena in magnetic systems

Laser-driven high-current-density pulsed electron emission from lead zirconium titanate ferroelectric ceramic

A. Moorti, S. Sailaja, P. A. Naik, P. D. Gupta, Yu. V. Korobkin, I. V. Romanov, A. A. Rupasov, and A. S. Shikhanov

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1163 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1396309 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

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Laser driven high current density pulsed electron emission is observed from a lead zirconium titanate (PZT, Zr/Ti: 53/47) ferroelectric ceramic disk using second harmonic of neodium: glass laser (wavelength ∼527 nm, pulse duration ∼3 ns, laser fluence ∼5–40 mJ/cm2) in the presence of a dc extraction field. Apart from electron current pulses of ∼100 A/cm2 [full width at half maximum (FWHM) ∼400 ns] obtained from laser irradiation of the surface towards the positive end of the polarization vector, electron current pulses of ∼30 A/cm2 (FWHM ∼1.1 μs) are also emitted from laser irradiation of the opposite surface. Dependencies of various characteristics of the electron pulse on laser fluence in the two configurations are presented. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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79.60.Bm Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces
77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
61.82.Ms Insulators
79.20.Ds Laser-beam impact phenomena

Ferroparaelectric transitions in relaxor materials studied by a photoacoustic technique

J. Luis Pineda Flores, R. Castañeda-Guzmán, M. Villagran-Muniz, and Alfonso Huanosta-Tera

Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1166 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1394950 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

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Photoacoustic experiments were carried out in two ceramic compounds to present a promising way to study relaxor materials. This technique has been shown to have some advantages in the investigation of phase transitions in a variety of materials. We use the temperature-dependent data of both dielectric and photoacoustic responses from the ceramic compound Bi4−xRxTi3O12, with Rx = Pr, x = 0 and 1.6, to illustrate this work. We establish definitely that Bi4Ti3O12 is a relaxor. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.80.B- Phase transitions and Curie point
78.20.hb Piezo-optical, elasto-optical, acousto-optical, and photoelastic effects
62.65.+k Acoustical properties of solids
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