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11 Mar 2002

Volume 80, Issue 10, pp. 1683-1849

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Effect of interface structure on the optical properties of InAs/GaSb laser active regions

Wayne H. Lau and Michael E. Flatté

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1683 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1456238 (3 pages) | Cited 22 times

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We present calculations of the fundamental band gap and intervalence absorption in InAs/GaSb materials incorporating both the intrinsic atomistic symmetry of interface bonding and typical compositional gradients near the interfaces. Including these effects quantitatively explains experimentally observed systematic trends in the band gaps of InAs/GaSb superlattices. Calculations of intervalence absorption indicate that the internal loss in laser active regions based on these materials can not be predicted quantitatively without including these effects. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors
78.67.De Quantum wells
73.20.At Surface states, band structure, electron density of states
68.35.Ct Interface structure and roughness
42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
68.65.Fg Quantum wells

Analysis of waves near focus: Method and experimental test

Salvador Bosch and Josep Ferré-Borrull

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1686 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1450043 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

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We present an approach to the analysis of scalar wave focusing. A detailed study is made of an optical system where the basic idea is to define the geometry of the semiperiodic zones within the exit pupil, followed by a numerical integration on these zones. This approach clearly illustrates the nature of the phenomena involved and allows exact computations in focal regions. A practical illustration is presented by considering a meniscus lens system. The method may be readily adapted to a wide range of applications in confocal microscopy, or be used in the analysis of an optical instrument’s resolving power. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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42.15.Dp Wave fronts and ray tracing
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors

Experimental and theoretical confirmation of Bloch-mode light propagation in planar photonic crystal waveguides

Marko Lončar, Dušan Nedeljković, Thomas P. Pearsall, Jelena Vučković, Axel Scherer, Sergey Kuchinsky, and Douglas C. Allan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1689 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1452791 (3 pages) | Cited 50 times

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The dispersion diagram of the leaky modes in the planar photonic crystal waveguide is experimentally obtained for the wavelengths from 1440 to 1590 nm. A small stop band, around wavelength 1500 nm, is detected. The experimentally obtained results are in very good agreement with our three-dimensional finite difference time domain calculations. Propagation losses of the leaky modes are estimated and we have found that they decrease as we approach the ministop band. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
02.70.Bf Finite-difference methods

High performance Feussner-type polarizers based on stretched poly(ethylene-terephthalate) films

J. C. Martínez-Antón and E. Bernabeu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1692 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1457529 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

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Stretched poly(ethylene-terephthalate) films appear to be an interesting optical plastic for use in polarization control devices. By means of stretching ratios its birefringence, in practice, can be tailored from ∼0 to ∼0.17. It has a very wide transmission window (∼0.32–5.70 μm) and good thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties. We propose using it for polarizers based on the Feussner design. By implementing this configuration with a biaxially stretched film, we have obtained a polarizer with an achromatic extinction ratio better than 1 part in 50 000. This is comparable with conventional Glan–Thompson polarizers but with additional advantages. The principal refractive indices of the film (in the 0.43–5.7 μm range) and the operational range of the polarizer presented are also provided. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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42.79.Ci Filters, zone plates, and polarizers
42.79.Wc Optical coatings
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds
68.60.Bs Mechanical and acoustical properties
78.20.Fm Birefringence
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)

Vertically segregated polymer-blend photovoltaic thin-film structures through surface-mediated solution processing

A. C. Arias, N. Corcoran, M. Banach, R. H. Friend, J. D. MacKenzie, and W. T. S. Huck

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1695 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1456550 (3 pages) | Cited 80 times

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Surface treatment and solvent evaporation control are used to promote vertical segregation in polyfluorene-blend thin films. This surface-mediated control of the compositional structure in the direction normal to the plane of the film has important implications for optimizing charge transport in solution-processed conjugated polymer-blend optoelectronics. Here, the surface energy of the hole-collector electrode of photovoltaic devices is modified by deposition of self-assembled monolayers to favor segregation of the hole-accepting component of the blend to the substrate. Devices fabricated with intentionally vertically segregated blends showed external quantum efficiencies of up to 14%, which is ten times higher than that of devices fabricated without surface modification. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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81.15.Lm Liquid phase epitaxy; deposition from liquid phases (melts, solutions, and surface layers on liquids)
81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural fibers; organometallic and organic materials
73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds
78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds
81.65.-b Surface treatments
85.60.-q Optoelectronic devices

Wider bandwidth with high transmission through waveguide bends in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs

Alongkarn Chutinan, Makoto Okano, and Susumu Noda

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1698 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1458529 (3 pages) | Cited 73 times

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We demonstrate the use of a defect to improve the transmission property of waveguide bends in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs. We show that high reflection in the two-dimensional photonic crystal slab previously reported is due to the fact that the waveguide is multimoded at the bend while it is single moded along the straight waveguide. By making the waveguide single moded at the bend, the transmission property can be significantly improved. An extension of more than twice of high-transmission bandwidth is achieved. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials

Acousto-optic diffraction of blue and red light in GaN

D. Ciplys, R. Rimeika, M. S. Shur, R. Gaska, J. Deng, J. W. Yang, and M. A. Khan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1701 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1458690 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

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The diffraction of guided optical waves on surface acoustic waves in a GaN layer grown by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition on a (0001) sapphire substrate has been experimentally studied. The measurements have been performed at optical wavelengths 442 and 633 nm for the acoustic wavelength of 16 μm. The acousto-optic diffraction regime was close to the pure Bragg diffraction regime. The advantage of considerably lower acoustic power required at the shorter optical wavelength for diffraction is demonstrated. Our results show the potential of GaN-based structures for the development of blue acousto-optical devices. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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78.20.hb Piezo-optical, elasto-optical, acousto-optical, and photoelastic effects
78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors
43.35.Sx Acoustooptical effects, optoacoustics, acoustical visualization, acoustical microscopy, and acoustical holography
77.65.Dq Acoustoelectric effects and surface acoustic waves (SAW) in piezoelectrics
42.79.Jq Acousto-optical devices

Demonstration of high gain amplification of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses

K. Osvay, G. Kurdi, J. Klebniczki, M. Csatári, and I. N. Ross

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1704 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1458532 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

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Femtosecond pulses at 400 nm were amplified using a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier pumped by picosecond pulses at 267 nm. A flat spectral gain exceeding 3500 was achieved in single pass within the available 17 nm bandwidth of the signal pulse. The effect of pump depletion, group delay difference, and the geometry of the interacting pulses on the spectral gain are also investigated. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression
42.65.Yj Optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers

Timing jitter reduction in modelocked semiconductor lasers with photon seeding

Leaf A. Jiang, Kazi S. Abedin, Matthew E. Grein, and Erich P. Ippen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1707 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459112 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

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We demonstrate improvement of the noise performance of a modelocked semiconductor laser using coherent photon seeding. We show that the timing jitter can be reduced without increasing the pulse width. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Mi Dynamical laser instabilities; noisy laser behavior
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking

All-optical Mach–Zehnder modulator using a photochromic dye-doped polymer

Jae-Wook Kang, Jang-Joo Kim, and Eunkyoung Kim

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1710 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459111 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

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An all-optical Mach–Zehnder modulator is demonstrated which is composed of a polymer waveguide doped with a photochromic dye in the core and a thick light blocking metal layer on it. The metal layer was opened on one arm of the Mach–Zehnder modulator, so that only one arm of the modulator could be irradiated by modulation light, thus allowing a differential phase shift. The optical modulator exhibited an extinction ratio of about −12 dB at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. A simple kinetic model developed to delineate the refractive index change in the dye-doped polymer film was applied to predict the evolution of the modulation characteristics. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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42.79.Hp Optical processors, correlators, and modulators
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
07.60.Ly Interferometers
78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds
42.65.Wi Nonlinear waveguides
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.79.Wc Optical coatings

Enhancement of laser-induced optical breakdown using metal/dendrimer nanocomposites

Jing Yong Ye, Lajos Balogh, and Theodore B. Norris

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1713 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459483 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

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We demonstrate that dendrimer nanocomposites (DNC) can be used to remarkably change the laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB) threshold of a material, owing to a large enhancement of the local electric field. We have implemented LIOB using femtosecond laser pulses in a gold/dendrimer hybrid nanocomposite as a model system. Third-harmonic generation measurements have been employed as a sensitive way for monitoring the LIOB in situ and in real time. The observed statistical behavior of the breakdown process is attributed to a laser-driven aggregation of individual DNC particles. The breakdown threshold value of the DNC has been found to be up to two orders of magnitude lower than that of pure dendrimers or normal tissues. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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77.22.Jp Dielectric breakdown and space-charge effects
61.82.Rx Nanocrystalline materials
78.47.-p Spectroscopy of solid state dynamics
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
77.84.Lf Composite materials
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