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25 Feb 2002

Volume 80, Issue 8, pp. 1319-1496

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Emission properties of a dual ion/electron source based on Au–In alloy

B. L. Sheu and Y. L. Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1480 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1453484 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

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A very stable dual ion/electron emitter based on a tungsten tip coated with Au–In alloy has been fabricated. When melted, the alloy is used as a liquid metal ion source; after being solidified under a prescribed ion emission condition, it is used as a cold field electron emitter. Compared to the first dual ion/electron source made of In-coated tungsten tip, the Au–In source exhibits much enhanced electron emission stability and maintains a point-like electron emitter to a much higher emission current. With its stable ion/electron emission properties as well as good electron emission brightness ( ∼ 2×108 A/sr⋅cm2), the Au–In dual emitter is a potential source for a single-column-focused ion/electron beam system. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
07.77.Ka Charged-particle beam sources and detectors
79.70.+q Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption
29.25.Bx Electron sources

Guided microfluidics by electromagnetic capillary focusing

G. Zabow, F. Assi, R. Jenks, and M. Prentiss

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1483 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1449531 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

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As fluid channel sizes are reduced, nonspecific binding to channel walls and particle clogging of microchannels present key obstacles thus far limiting the application of microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies. Here we show how combining applied electric or magnetic fields with the increasing surface tension effects inherent in channel miniaturization can guide particle flow and prevent adhesion to channel walls. We demonstrate effective two-dimensional particle focusing within arbitrary channel geometries that prevents adhesion, allowing accurate control of Poiseuille flow effects, and acts as either a robust particle accumulator or a separator. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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47.85.Np Fluidics
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
68.03.Cd Surface tension and related phenomena
47.60.-i Flow phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional systems

Modeling of interfacial temperature effects due to an impulsive line heat source

M. L. Shendeleva, J. A. Molloy, and N. N. Ljepojevic

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1486 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1452790 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

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Temperature fields generated by an instantaneous line heat source in the medium consisting of two half spaces of different thermal properties are modeled. The analytical calculations employ the Green functions for an impulsive line source derived previously using the Cagniard–de Hoop technique. The analytical model predicts the change of sign of the reflected temperature field along the interface for a certain range of parameters. It has also been found that for the heat source located in the less conductive medium the temperature peak arrival can occur before the peak from the source temperature field. The analytical results are found to be in excellent agreement with numerical modeling using the finite difference method. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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44.05.+e Analytical and numerical techniques
44.35.+c Heat flow in multiphase systems

Deposition of organic electrodes based on wet process for organic devices

Kazuhiro Saito and Shunsuke Kobayashi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 1489 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1453488 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

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Patterned organic electrodes of charge-transfer complexes were deposited based on a printing method and solution chemistry without a vacuum and high temperature. The deposited organic electrodes showed large work functions, and they were examined as upper electrodes of organic photovoltaic cells. It is found that the charge-transfer complexes can be used as wiring material instead of metals without secondary treatment. In comparison with the cells using the conventional metals, a few different properties were observed for those with organic electrodes. The differences are assignable to the difference between the organic–organic and the organic–inorganic contacts. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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85.65.+h Molecular electronic devices
81.15.Lm Liquid phase epitaxy; deposition from liquid phases (melts, solutions, and surface layers on liquids)
85.60.Bt Optoelectronic device characterization, design, and modeling
73.30.+y Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions
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