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4 Nov 2002

Volume 81, Issue 19, pp. 3519-3685

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Strong exciton–photon coupling in a low-Q all-metal mirror microcavity

P. A. Hobson, W. L. Barnes, D. G. Lidzey, G. A. Gehring, D. M. Whittaker, M. S. Skolnick, and S. Walker

Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3519 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1517714 (3 pages) | Cited 56 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2002

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We report the experimental observation of strong exciton–photon coupling in a planar microcavity composed of an organic semiconductor positioned between two metallic (silver) mirrors. Via transmission and reflectivity measurements, we observe a very large, room temperature Rabi splitting in excess of 300 meV. We show that the Rabi-splitting is enhanced in all-metal microcavities by a factor of more than 2 compared to an organic film positioned between a silver mirror and a dielectric mirror. This enhancement results from the significantly larger optical fields that are confined within all-metal microcavities. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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63.20.kk Phonon interactions with other quasiparticles
63.22.-m Phonons or vibrational states in low-dimensional structures and nanoscale materials
42.82.Gw Other integrated-optical elements and systems

Direct-UV-written buried channel waveguide lasers in direct-bonded intersubstrate ion-exchanged neodymium-doped germano-borosilicate glass

Corin B. E. Gawith, Alexander Fu, Tajamal Bhutta, Ping Hua, David P. Shepherd, Elizabeth R. Taylor, Peter G. R. Smith, Daniel Milanese, and Monica Ferraris

Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3522 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1519103 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2002

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We report a technique for producing single-mode buried channel waveguide lasers in neodymium-doped SiO2:GeO2:B2O3:Na2O (SGBN) glass. Direct bonding forms the basis of this process, providing a buried waveguide layer in the photosensitive SGBN material into which channel confinement can be directly written with a focused UV beam. Characterization of a 7.5-mm-long device was performed using a Ti:Sapphire laser operating at 808 nm and the resultant 1059 nm channel waveguide laser output exhibited single-mode operation, milliwatt-order lasing thresholds, and propagation losses of <0.3 dB cm−1. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.70.Hj Laser materials
81.05.Kf Glasses (including metallic glasses)
42.70.Ce Glasses, quartz

Coherent integration of 0.5 GHz spectral holograms at 1536 nm using dynamic biphase codes

Z. Cole, T. Böttger, R. Krishna Mohan, R. Reibel, W. R. Babbitt, R. L. Cone, and K. D. Merkel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3525 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1518152 (3 pages) | Cited 28 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2002

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Spectral hole-burning-based optical processing devices are proposed for coherent integration of multiple high-bandwidth interference patterns in a spectral hole-burning medium. In this implementation, 0.5 GHz spectral holographic gratings are dynamically accumulated in Er3+:Y2SiO5 at 4.2 K using a 1536 nm laser frequency stabilized to a spectral hole, along with commercial off-the-shelf components. The processed data, representing time delays over 0.5–2.0 μs, were optically read out using a frequency-swept probe; this approach makes possible the use of low-bandwidth, large-dynamic-range detectors and digitizers and enables competitive processing for applications such as radar, lidar, and radio astronomy. Coherent integration dynamics and material advances are reported. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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42.40.Eq Holographic optical elements; holographic gratings
42.50.Md Optical transient phenomena: quantum beats, photon echo, free-induction decay, dephasings and revivals, optical nutation, and self-induced transparency
42.50.Hz Strong-field excitation of optical transitions in quantum systems; multiphoton processes; dynamic Stark shift

Small molecule organic light-emitting diodes can exhibit high performance without conventional hole transport layers

Qinglan Huang, Ji Cui, He Yan, Jonathan G. C. Veinot, and Tobin J. Marks

Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3528 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1517397 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2002

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It is generally accepted that hole transport layers (HTLs) with thicknesses on the order of tens of nm are indispensable to the function of small molecule organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) if high electroluminescence and quantum efficiencies are to be achieved. In the present letter, small molecule OLEDs with high luminance and external quantum efficiencies are fabricated in which the HTL is replaced solely by an ultrathin (1–2 nm) self–assembled, saturated hydrocarbon organosiloxane monolayer. These results require some reconsideration of conventional design criteria regarding the necessity of HTLs and argue that the role of the self-assembled monolayer here is to enhance hole injection and charge recombination efficiency, while blocking electron transport to the anode. These results therefore offer significantly simplified device fabrication. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
81.16.Dn Self-assembly

All-optical excitation and detection of microelectrical-mechanical systems

J. E. Graebner, S. Pau, and P. L. Gammel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3531 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1519351 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2002

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The radiation pressure of a chopped, 3 mW optical beam is used to excite angular motion of a Microelectrical-mechanical-systems’ (MEMS) mirror at its resonant frequencies. The modes are identified with a scanning interferometer, providing an all-optical excitation/detection scheme. The resonant frequencies, mode distributions, spring constants, and coupling between adjacent MEMS devices can, therefore, be studied without the use of electrostatic or other types of actuation. Within the experimental error of ∼30%, the amplitude of angular oscillation is equal to the theoretical value expected for radiation pressure. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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37.10.Vz Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices

Amplified spontaneous emission and efficient tunable laser emission from a substituted thiophene-based oligomer

Dario Pisignano, Marco Anni, Giuseppe Gigli, Roberto Cingolani, Margherita Zavelani-Rossi, Guglielmo Lanzani, Giovanna Barbarella, and Laura Favaretto

Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3534 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1519735 (3 pages) | Cited 41 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2002

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We investigated gain and lasing in spin-coated films of a soluble substituted oligothiophene. With increasing excitation power, the photoluminescence spectra show a clear line narrowing due to amplified spontaneous emission. We measure a low threshold (20 μJ cm−2) for line narrowing and a large gain cross section (6×10−16 cm2), indicating that this molecule is a promising active material for organic solid-state lasers. As a demonstrator, we realize a transverse electromagnetic (TEM00) single-mode laser with tunable emission from the yellow to the red (a range of 37 nm), with a pump threshold as low as 18 μJ cm−2 and efficiency of 1.9%. These results are among the best so far reported for organic lasers. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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42.70.Hj Laser materials
42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
78.45.+h Stimulated emission
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
78.55.Kz Solid organic materials
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds

Inhomogeneous nanoscale polymer-dispersed liquid crystals with gradient refractive index

Hongwen Ren and Shin-Tson Wu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3537 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1519102 (3 pages) | Cited 37 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2002

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Inhomogeneous polymer-dispersed liquid crystal devices having gradient droplet distribution were fabricated and their phase retardation characterized. The gradient refractive index profile can be used as switchable prism gratings, and positive and negative lenses with tunable focal lengths. Such a tunable electronic lens is a broadband device and can be used for unpolarized light. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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42.70.Df Liquid crystals
42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer

High-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes with tunable light emission by using aromatic diamine/5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene multiple quantum wells

Yong Qiu, Yudi Gao, Liduo Wang, Peng Wei, Lian Duan, Deqiang Zhang, and Guifang Dong

Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3540 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1519348 (3 pages) | Cited 37 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2002

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Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures, which consist of N, N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N, N′-diphenyl-1, 1′ biphenyl 4, 4′-diamine and 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene), and tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) as the electron transporting material, have been fabricated. The results demonstrate that the MQW structure can sharply increase the performance of OLEDs. The diode with a MQW number of 4 exhibits efficiency up to 8.1 cd/A, which is four times that of the conventional diodes without the MQW structure. It is also interesting to find that the light emission from Alq3 and rubrene can be obtained together and the electroluminescent spectrum, which is independent of the driving voltage, varies with the well number. For the device with a well number of 6, pure rubrene light emission is obtained. Our work demonstrates that the organic MQW structure not only can efficiently control the carrier transporting, thus conducive to achieve an electron–hole balance, but also help to adjust the emitting zone in the devices, then providing an option to obtain different emission colors. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
85.35.Be Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.)
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