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23 Jun 2003

Volume 82, Issue 25, pp. 4411-4611

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4322 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1582366 (3 pages)

Hongwei Qu, Wei Yao, T. Garcia, Jiandi Zhang, A. V. Sorokin, S. Ducharme, P. A. Dowben, and V. M. Fridkin
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Near-field scattering of longitudinal fields

Alexandre Bouhelier, Michael R. Beversluis, and Lukas Novotny

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4596 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1586482 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 16 June 2003

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Longitudinal fields created in strongly focused laser beams are investigated by near-field optical microscopy. Sharp metallic and dielectric tips are raster scanned through the focus of these modes. It is found that regardless of the tip material, the signal scattered by the tip is a measure for the strength of the local longitudinal field. A surprising contrast reversal is observed between the images obtained with a metallic tip and the images obtained with a dielectric tip. The contrast reversal originates from a non-negligible tip–sample interaction. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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07.79.Fc Near-field scanning optical microscopes
68.37.Uv Near-field scanning microscopy and spectroscopy

Magneto-optic effects in spin-injection devices

S. T. Ruggiero, A. Williams, C. E. Tanner, S. Potashnik, J. Moreland, and W. H. Rippard

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4599 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1584788 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 16 June 2003

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The magneto-optic properties of semi-transparent ferromagnetic films are presented in the context of ferromagnet/GaAs spin-injection devices. We have measured the polarization-dependent photoresponse and magneto-optic properties of Co/n-GaAs, Co/p-GaAs and NiFe/n-GaAs Schottky diodes and NiFe/SiO2 and Co/SiO2 structures as a function of ferromagnetic film thickness, ranging from 8 to 100 nm. Our results show that magneto-optic effects intrinsic to the ferromagnetic films (2%–3%) are sufficient to account for the majority of the polarization-dependent photoresponse of the ferromagnet/GaAs systems studied. These effects are well described by a simple thin-film transmission model, which gives an upper limit of 0.4% for spin-transmission effects. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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85.30.Hi Surface barrier, boundary, and point contact devices
85.30.Kk Junction diodes
72.25.Hg Electrical injection of spin polarized carriers
85.75.-d Magnetoelectronics; spintronics: devices exploiting spin polarized transport or integrated magnetic fields
75.50.Cc Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys
78.20.Ls Magneto-optical effects

Table-top X-pinch for x-ray radiography

F. N. Beg, K. Krushelnick, P. Lichtsteiner, A. Meakins, A. Kennedy, N. Kajumba, G. Burt, and A. E. Dangor

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4602 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1584782 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 16 June 2003

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Measurements of the optical and x-ray emission from a small 40-kA, 30-ns (10%–90%) rise-time X-pinch plasma discharge are reported. This device is truly “table-top,” having a laboratory footprint of less than 1 m2. With tungsten wires, the total energy (hν>800 eV) is 60 mJ in a pulse of less than 10 ns. The size of the emitting region is less than 10 μm. The emission is reproducible with a jitter relative to the current pulse less than 5 ns. Initial experiments demonstrating the use of this X-pinch for applications in x-ray radiography are presented. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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52.58.Lq Z-pinches, plasma focus, and other pinch devices
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
52.59.Px Hard X-ray sources
52.70.La X-ray and γ-ray measurements
81.70.Ex Nondestructive testing: electromagnetic testing, eddy-current testing
07.85.Fv X- and γ-ray sources, mirrors, gratings, and detectors

Why is exciton dissociation so efficient at the interface between a conjugated polymer and an electron acceptor?

V. I. Arkhipov, P. Heremans, and H. Bässler

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4605 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1586456 (3 pages) | Cited 70 times

Online Publication Date: 16 June 2003

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Although doping of a conjugated polymer by electron acceptors strongly facilitates exciton dissociation into geminate pairs of carriers, the yield of free carrier photogeneration can be high only at high doping levels, that is, in polymer/acceptor blends. We suggest a model that explains how excitons can efficiently dissociate into free carriers at an intrinsic polymer/acceptor interface despite the Coulomb interaction between the charges within precursor geminate pairs. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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71.35.Gg Exciton-mediated interactions
73.40.-c Electronic transport in interface structures
73.20.At Surface states, band structure, electron density of states
72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects

Analysis of surface acoustic wave propagation on a cylinder using laser ultrasonics

D. Clorennec and D. Royer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4608 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1586463 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 16 June 2003

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This letter shows an unexpected phenomenon for surface acoustic waves (Rayleigh waves) propagating on a solid cylinder. It was observed that a short Rayleigh wave pulse was reversed during its propagation. In experiments on duraluminum and steel cylinders, transient surface acoustic waves were launched by a pulsed YAG laser focused along a line. The radial component of the displacement was measured by a heterodyne optical interferometer. The wave forms recorded versus the angle θ between the source and the detection point shows that the Rayleigh pulse, which is monopolar (positive) near the source, becomes bipolar at θ = 45° and monopolar (negative) at θ = 90°. An analytical calculation taking into account the dispersive effect reproduces wave forms whatever the propagation distance. A physical model is proposed to account for the reversal of the acoustic pulse. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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68.35.Iv Acoustical properties
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