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20 Jan 2003

Volume 82, Issue 3, pp. 313-483

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 370 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1537514 (3 pages)

Jan Schroers, Chris Veazey, and William L. Johnson
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Operating characteristics of a semiconducting polymer laser pumped by a microchip laser

G. A. Turnbull, P. Andrew, W. L. Barnes, and I. D. W. Samuel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 313 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1536249 (3 pages) | Cited 55 times

Online Publication Date: 15 January 2003

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We report the demonstration of a compact, all-solid-state polymer laser system featuring a microchip laser as the pump source. The laser was configured as a surface-emitting, two-dimensional distributed feedback laser, based on the conjugated polymer poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene). Pulsed, band-edge lasing was observed at 636 nm above a threshold pump energy of 4 nJ. The laser exhibited an energy slope efficiency of 6.8%, with a maximum output energy of 1.12 nJ at a pump energy of 20.4 nJ. The output beam had an azimuthally polarized annular profile with a beam quality factor (M2) of 2.2, close to the theoretical value of the lowest-order Laguerre–Gaussian and Bessel–Gaussian annular modes. We explain the origin of the azimuthal polarization as due to a coherent combination of the resonant fields supported by the two gratings. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation
42.55.Sa Microcavity and microdisk lasers

Tunable liquid microlens

T. Krupenkin, S. Yang, and P. Mach

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 316 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1536033 (3 pages) | Cited 98 times

Online Publication Date: 15 January 2003

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A tunable liquid microlens capable of adjusting its focal length and lateral position is demonstrated. The microlens consists of a droplet of a transparent conductive liquid placed on a dielectric substrate with a low surface energy coating. By varying the voltage applied to a set of electrodes positioned underneath of the dielectric substrate, both the position and curvature of the microlens can be reversibly changed. The dependence of the microlens behavior on the properties of the materials involved is experimentally investigated and supported by theoretical calculations. Potential limitations of the microlens performance associated with the contact angle hysteresis and stick–slip phenomena are outlined and possible ways to alleviate them are proposed. Possible extensions of the proposed approach are also discussed. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors

Lasing from InGaAs quantum dots in an injection microdisk

Lidong Zhang and E. Hu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 319 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1538312 (3 pages) | Cited 17 times

Online Publication Date: 15 January 2003

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An injection microdisk laser structure is realized using self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) as the active layer. Single-mode continuous-wave lasing at ∼ 5 K from double layer ( ∼ 2.5×1010 cm−2 per layer) QDs in ∼ 4 μm diameter microdisks is reported. The threshold current of this device was as low as 69 μA. The estimated spontaneous emission factor is >0.05. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.55.Sa Microcavity and microdisk lasers

Mode locking of semiconductor laser with curved waveguide and passive mode expander

C. A. Williamson, M. J. Adams, A. D. Ellis, and A. Borghesani

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 322 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1539277 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 15 January 2003

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Active mode locking is reported for a 1.55 μm semiconductor laser with a curved waveguide and passive mode expander, placed in a wavelength tunable external cavity. One facet with a very low reflectivity of 8×10−6 is achieved through a curved active region that tapers into an underlying passive waveguide, thus expanding the mode to give reduced divergence. 10 GHz pulses of 3.1 ps duration have been generated, with a linewidth of 0.81 nm. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems

Enhanced stimulated Raman scattering in optical parametric oscillators from periodically poled KTiOPO4

V. Pasiskevicius, A. Fragemann, F. Laurell, R. Butkus, V. Smilgevicius, and A. Piskarskas

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 325 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1539923 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 15 January 2003

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Enhanced Raman scattering and concurrent Raman oscillation have been observed in nanosecond optical parametric oscillators in the near-infrared spectral region for certain periodicities of periodically poled KTiOPO4. The increased Raman activity is associated with direct excitation of the phonon overtone band by the idler wave. The decrease in efficiency of stimulated Raman scattering at crystal temperature above 80 °C is explained by higher dephasing rate of coherently driven lattice polarization due to interaction with thermally generated phonons. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.65.Yj Optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers
42.65.Dr Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS
42.65.Es Stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering
78.30.Hv Other nonmetallic inorganics
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
63.20.D- Phonon states and bands, normal modes, and phonon dispersion

Polarization dependent focusing lens by use of quantized Pancharatnam–Berry phase diffractive optics

Erez Hasman, Vladimir Kleiner, Gabriel Biener, and Avi Niv

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 328 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1539300 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 15 January 2003

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Quantized Pancharatnam–Berry phase diffractive optics using computer-generated space-variant subwavelength dielectric grating is presented. The formation of the geometrical phase is done by discrete orientation of the local subwavelength grating. We discuss a theoretical analysis and experimentally demonstrate a quantized geometrical blazed phase of polarization diffraction grating, as well as polarization dependent focusing lens for infrared radiation at wavelength 10.6 μm. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.40.Eq Holographic optical elements; holographic gratings
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
42.50.-p Quantum optics
42.40.Jv Computer-generated holograms
42.79.Dj Gratings

Realization of high-efficiency/high-luminance small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes: synergistic effects of siloxane anode functionalization/hole-injection layers, and hole/exciton-blocking/electron-transport layers

Qinglan Huang, Ji Cui, Jonathan G. C. Veinot, He Yan, and Tobin J. Marks

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 331 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1536268 (3 pages) | Cited 29 times

Online Publication Date: 15 January 2003

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High-efficiency/high-luminance small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are fabricated by combining thin, covalently-bound triarylamine hole injection/adhesion interlayers with hole- and exciton-blocking/electron transport interlayers in tris(8-hydroxyquinolato)aluminum (III) (Alq)-based OLEDs. Power and forward external quantum efficiencies as high as 15.2 lm/W and 4.4±0.5%, respectively, and turn-on voltages ∼4.5 V are achieved in devices of the structure ITO/TPDSi2/NPB/Alq:DIQA/BCP/Li/MgAg [NPB=(N,N′-di(1-napthl)-N,N′-diphenyl benzidine)] TPDSi2 interlayers are straightforwardly fabricated by spin-casting N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′- bis(p-trichlorosilylpropylphenyl)(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine TPDSi2 onto the ITO surface, while 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) interlayers are introduced by thermal evaporation. High quantum efficiencies are attributed to the synergistic enhanced hole/electron injection and exciton confinement effects of the TPDSi2 and BCP interlayers, respectively. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
71.35.Lk Collective effects (Bose effects, phase space filling, and excitonic phase transitions)
73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds
73.50.Dn Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance
78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds

Organic single-layer white light-emitting diodes by exciplex emission from spin-coated blends of blue-emitting molecules

M. Mazzeo, D. Pisignano, F. Della Sala, J. Thompson, R. I. R. Blyth, G. Gigli, R. Cingolani, G. Sotgiu, and G. Barbarella

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 334 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1531217 (3 pages) | Cited 56 times

Online Publication Date: 15 January 2003

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We report on white electroluminescence (EL) emission from a single-layer light-emitting diode based on a binary blend of organic soluble blue-emitting molecules, i.e., a diamine derivative and a substituted thiophene-1,1-dioxide. Weakly voltage-dependent white color, of coordinates (0.39, 0.40) according to the standard of the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, is obtained from the superposition of the blue emission from the donor and a low-energy peak due to a charge-transfer complex between the two molecules (exciplex). The EL spectrum is broader and more structured than the photoluminescence one: this could be due to the activation of exciplexes with different conformations as inferred from quantum-chemistry calculations. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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