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15 Sep 2003

Volume 83, Issue 11, pp. 2091-2291

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2244 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1610259 (3 pages)

X.-M. Meng, Y. Jiang, J. Liu, C.-S. Lee, I. Bello, and S.-T. Lee
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Polarization dependences of surface plasmon bands and surface-enhanced Raman bands of single Ag nanoparticles

Tamitake Itoh, Kazuhiro Hashimoto, and Yukihiro Ozaki

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2274 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1604188 (3 pages) | Cited 41 times

Online Publication Date: 9 September 2003

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Polarization dependences of Rayleigh and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) were measured for individual Ag nanoparticles on which Rhodamine 6G molecules were adsorbed. It was found that the polarization dependencies of surface plasmon bands generated by the aggregation of SERS active Ag particles are well synchronous to those of Raman bands. This result strongly supports the recent electromagnetic SERS model that amplified electric field at particle junctions localized in the aggregate gives rise to SERS. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
78.30.Er Solid metals and alloys
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials

Emission properties of a dual ion/electron point emitter based on In–Bi alloy

Wen-Pin Hsieh, B. L. Sheu, and Y. L. Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2277 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1609239 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 9 September 2003

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A stable dual ion/electron point emitter based on In–Bi alloy has been fabricated. Its performance as a liquid metal ion source (LMIS) at 70–100 °C, which is much lower than the operating temperature of the Au–In emitter reported previously, is comparable to a typical Ga–LMIS. By terminating the ion emission using a specific solidification process under the presence of an extraction voltage, the solidified tip is transformed into a sharp field electron emitter with decent emission characteristics. The In–Bi alloy source is not only a LMIS for conventional focused ion beam systems but also a potential candidate for single-column dual focused ion/electron beam systems. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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79.70.+q Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption

Selective gas detection using a carbon nanotube sensor

S. Chopra, K. McGuire, N. Gothard, A. M. Rao, and A. Pham

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2280 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1610251 (3 pages) | Cited 104 times

Online Publication Date: 9 September 2003

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A circular disk resonator is used to study the gas sensing properties of carbon nanotubes. It detects the presence of gases based on the change in the dielectric constant rather than electrical conductivity of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) upon gas exposure. A conducting circular disk is coated with electric arc prepared SWNTs and degassed by heating under a high vacuum. It exhibits noticeable shifts in resonant frequency to both polar (NH3 and CO) and nonpolar gases (He, Ar, N2, and O2). Gas concentrations as low as 100 ppm can be detected using this sensor configuration. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
85.35.Kt Nanotube devices
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials

Cohesion in ball lightning

J. J. Gilman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2283 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1610801 (2 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 9 September 2003

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The phenomenon of ball lightning has been observed for a long time, but the nature of these luminous balls has been unknown. It is proposed here that they consist of highly excited Rydberg atoms with large polarizabilities. Thus, the cohesion of the balls comes from photon exchange forces (London dispersion forces) rather than the more usual electron exchange (chemical) forces. The cohesion in plasmas generated at the back faces of detonating explosives (Cook’s plasmas) has a similar basis. Numerical estimates are given to justify this interpretation. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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52.80.Mg Arcs; sparks; lightning; atmospheric electricity
92.60.Pw Atmospheric electricity, lightning
31.15.vj Electron correlation calculations for atoms and ions: excited states
32.30.-r Atomic spectra

CsI: a high effective gamma coating for plasma display panels

T. J. Vink, R. G. F. A. Verbeek, V. van Elsbergen, and P. K. Bachmann

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2285 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1611645 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 9 September 2003

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Reduction of the breakdown voltage in plasma panel discharge cells calls for electrode coatings with a high secondary-electron emission yield. MgO is most widely used in this field because of its high secondary-electron yield, which is primarily governed by ion-induced emission processes. To overcome the limits of ion-induced emission, opening an additional channel via photon-induced emission is a possible option. The present study shows that this is indeed feasible, with a photosensitive material showing a substantially higher effective secondary-electron emission coefficient γeff when compared to state-of-the-art MgO electrode films. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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52.75.-d Plasma devices
42.79.Kr Display devices, liquid-crystal devices
79.60.Dp Adsorbed layers and thin films
79.20.Hx Electron impact: secondary emission

Study of ammonia-gas-induced irreversibility in polypyrrole films

Jaewu Choi, J. Hormes, and Pawan K. Kahol

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2288 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1609241 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 9 September 2003

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Polypyrrole’s conductivity as a function of polymerization temperature and its properties on treatment with ammonia gas are studied. Electronic structures of PF6 (hexafluorophosphate) doped polypyrrole (PPY) films grown at −40, 0, and 20 °C, before and after ammonia treatment, are compared using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic spectroscopy, and semiempirical calculations. The valence band electronic structures of these polypyrrole films largely depend on polymerization temperature, and ammonia treatment. The light-polarization-dependent valence band structures reflect ordering of polymer chains with decreasing polymerization temperature. The irreversibility properties of polypyrrole, which can be used as an ammonia gas senor, are shown to possibly arise from detachment of the dopant molecules under pumping. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds
71.20.Rv Polymers and organic compounds
79.60.Dp Adsorbed layers and thin films
79.60.Fr Polymers; organic compounds
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