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3 Nov 2003

Volume 83, Issue 18, pp. 3647-3835

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3737 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1623315 (3 pages)

Ian Appelbaum, D. J. Monsma, K. J. Russell, V. Narayanamurti, and C. M. Marcus
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Optical actuation of micromirrors fabricated by the micro-origami technique

José M. Zanardi Ocampo, Pablo O. Vaccaro, Thomas Fleischmann, Te-Sheng Wang, Kazuyoshi Kubota, Tahito Aida, Toshiaki Ohnishi, Akira Sugimura, Ryo Izumoto, Makoto Hosoda, and Shigeki Nashima

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3647 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1622800 (3 pages) | Cited 23 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2003

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Micromirrors were fabricated by the micro-origami technique. This technique allows the fabrication of simple and robust hinges for movable parts, and it can be applied to any pair of lattice mismatched epitaxial layers, in semiconductors or metals. A multilayer structure, including AlGaAs/GaAs component layers and an InGaAs strained layer, was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a GaAs substrate. After definition of the hinge and mirror’s shape by photolithography, the micromirrors were released from the substrate by selective etching. They moved to their final position powered by the strain release in the InGaAs layer. Optical actuation was achieved by irradiation with the 488 nm line of an argon laser, and the mirror’s position was measured by sensing the reflection of a He–Ne laser. Continuous wave irradiation with a power density of 450 mW/mm2 produced an angular deflection of the mirror of around 0.5°. The frequency response of the mirrors shows a resonance at 25 kHz. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer
42.82.Bq Design and performance testing of integrated-optical systems
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning
81.16.Nd Micro- and nanolithography

Square-lattice photonic crystal microcavities for coupling to single InAs quantum dots

K. Hennessy, C. Reese, A. Badolato, C. F. Wang, A. Imamoglu, P. M. Petroff, E. Hu, G. Jin, S. Shi, and D. W. Prather

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3650 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1623319 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2003

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We have observed optical emission from self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded within the single-hole-defect, square-lattice (S1) photonic crystal microcavity. Cavities were measured to have quality factors as high as 4000. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations were used to determine the specific S1 geometry that is resonant at the center of our ensemble QD spectrum. Extensive, systematic measurements fully confirmed the FDTD simulations and mapped resonant wavelengths as a function of varying lattice constant and hole radius of the photonic crystal structures. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
78.67.Hc Quantum dots
78.40.Fy Semiconductors
78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors

Basic enhancement of the overall optical efficiency of intracavity frequency-doubling devices for the 1 μm continuous-wave Nd:Y3Al5O12 laser emission

V. Lupei, N. Pavel, and T. Taira

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3653 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1616667 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2003

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The possibility of basic enhancement of the overall optical-to-optical efficiency of intracavity frequency-doubling devices for the 1 μm continuous-wave (cw) Nd lasers by direct pumping into the emitting level and by using concentrated laser materials is discussed. This possibility is demonstrated for 1.0 and 2.4 at. % Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) crystals pumped by a Ti:sapphire laser at 885 nm. A slope efficiency of 0.79 in absorbed pump power was obtained for the 1064 nm emission of a 1.0 at. % Nd:YAG crystal. The effect of enhancement of intracavity emission on the second-harmonic emission is manifested in a drastic reduction of emission threshold and in an increased dependence on the absorbed power. The use of concentrated Nd:YAG crystal enables a better use of the pump power and improves the overall optical efficiency of the intracavity frequency-doubling devices. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.70.Hj Laser materials
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation

A THz transverse electromagnetic mode two-dimensional interconnect layer incorporating quasi-optics

S. Coleman and D. Grischkowsky

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3656 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1624474 (3 pages) | Cited 27 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2003

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We report the demonstration of a planar THz interconnect layer capable of transmitting subpicosecond pulses in the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode over arbitrarily long paths with low absorption and no observable group velocity dispersion. Quasioptical elements are incorporated within the interconnect layer forming a configurable THz bandwidth TEM-mode planar interconnect with negligible group velocity dispersion and low loss. For a 146 mm guided path length, including four reflections, the pulses are broadened by the frequency dependent absorption of the interconnect layer from 0.28 to 0.32 ps, and attenuated by the factor 0.2. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines
85.40.Ls Metallization, contacts, interconnects; device isolation
85.60.Bt Optoelectronic device characterization, design, and modeling
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
07.57.Hm Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave sources

High-power blue generation from a periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 ridge-type waveguide by frequency doubling of a diode end-pumped Nd:Y3Al5O12 laser

M. Iwai, T. Yoshino, S. Yamaguchi, M. Imaeda, N. Pavel, I. Shoji, and T. Taira

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3659 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1623938 (3 pages) | Cited 33 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2003

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Continuous-wave power of 189 mW at 473 nm with 49% conversion efficiency is generated from a 8.5 mm long uncoated periodically polled MgO:LiNbO3 ridge-type waveguide by frequency doubling of a diode end-pumped Nd:Y3Al5O12 laser at room temperature; the corresponding internal blue power and conversion efficiency were 222 mW and 58%, respectively. The highest conversion efficiency of 63% (74% with respect to the blue internal power) was obtained from a 12 mm long waveguide with 99 mW blue output power. Saturation of output blue power was observed for coupled fundamental power into the waveguides in excess of 200 mW. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
42.79.Nv Optical frequency converters
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.65.Wi Nonlinear waveguides

Enhanced light diffraction from a double-layer microsphere lattice

Hideki T. Miyazaki, Hiroshi Miyazaki, Norio Shinya, and Kenjiro Miyano

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3662 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1623932 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2003

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Anomalously strong diffraction, whose efficiency is as high as 55%, has been observed from a double-layer microsphere lattice. The enhancement is due to the specular resonance scattering from two spheres in contact, each belonging to the top and bottom layers of the double-layer, respectively. The system thus works as a single layer two-dimensional (2D) lattice of bispheres. No enhancement is observed from a single-layer lattice nor from triple-layer lattice. It functions as a “blazed” transmission grating with 2D spectral dispersion compared with the one-dimensional dispersion in ordinary linear gratings. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.25.Fx Diffraction and scattering
42.79.Dj Gratings

Efficiency of local light-plasmon coupling

H. Ditlbacher, J. R. Krenn, A. Hohenau, A. Leitner, and F. R. Aussenegg

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3665 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1625107 (3 pages) | Cited 31 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2003

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We investigate quantitatively the local coupling efficiency of a strongly focused laser beam to surface plasmon polaritons on a gold thin film. The coupling is mediated by gold ridges with nanoscale cross section. The coupling efficiency is determined by measuring the leakage radiation emitted by the surface plasmon polaritons into the glass substrate supporting the thin film. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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78.68.+m Optical properties of surfaces
78.66.Bz Metals and metallic alloys
71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)
73.22.Lp Collective excitations
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials

Self-induced transparency in InGaAs quantum-dot waveguides

S. Schneider, P. Borri, W. Langbein, U. Woggon, J. Förstner, A. Knorr, R. L. Sellin, D. Ouyang, and D. Bimberg

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3668 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1624492 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2003

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We report the experimental observation and the theoretical modeling of self-induced-transparency signatures such as nonlinear transmission, pulse retardation and reshaping, for subpicosecond pulse propagation in a 2-mm-long InGaAs quantum-dot ridge waveguide in resonance with the excitonic ground-state transition at 10 K. The measurements were obtained by using a cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating technique which allows us to retrieve the field amplitude of the propagating pulses. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.50.Md Optical transient phenomena: quantum beats, photon echo, free-induction decay, dephasings and revivals, optical nutation, and self-induced transparency
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.65.Wi Nonlinear waveguides
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression

Influence of dimensionality on the emission spectra of nanostructures

V. M. Apalkov and Tapash Chakraborty

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3671 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1625785 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2003

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We report on our results of the numerical simulations of a quantum dot (quantum wire)-quantum well cascade structure. Experimental work on the quantum dot structure was recently reported in the literature. For parameters of such a structure, the calculated emission spectra has a single peak for up to four electrons in the dot. The width of the emission line is found to be due to long-range in-plane disorder, resulting mainly due to fluctuations of the height of the dots. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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78.67.De Quantum wells
78.67.Hc Quantum dots
78.67.Lt Quantum wires
78.60.Fi Electroluminescence
42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
68.65.Fg Quantum wells
68.65.Hb Quantum dots (patterned in quantum wells)
68.65.La Quantum wires (patterned in quantum wells)
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