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21 Jul 2003

Volume 83, Issue 3, pp. 407-587

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 575 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1594830 (3 pages)

P. Yu, M. Mustata, J. J. Turek, P. M. W. French, M. R. Melloch, and D. D. Nolte
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Investigation of a channel-add/drop-filtering device using acceptor-type point defects in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal slab

Takashi Asano, Bong-Shik Song, Yoshinori Tanaka, and Susumu Noda

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 407 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1592890 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 16 July 2003

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A channel-drop-filtering device using point and line defects in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal slab is investigated. The efficiency to drop light from a line-defect waveguide to the free space via a point-defect cavity is found to be more than 45%, which is very close to the theoretical maximum of the device. The reverse function of the device (channel-add-filtering) is also demonstrated, where photons incident on a point defect from free space are resonantly trapped and transferred to a line-defect waveguide nearby. The spectrum and polarization characteristic of the add-filtering completely agree with those of the drop-filtering. The results indicate that two-dimensional photonic slabs are very promising for realizing ultrasmall optical functional devices. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.79.Ci Filters, zone plates, and polarizers
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
71.55.-i Impurity and defect levels

Improvement of holographic recording sensitivities in the green in SiO2 nanoparticle-dispersed methacrylate photopolymers doped with pyrromethene dyes

Yasuo Tomita and Hiroshi Nishibiraki

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 410 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1593816 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 16 July 2003

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We demonstrate more than one-order-of-magnitude improvement of holographic recording sensitivities in the green by doping pyrromethene dyes into SiO2 nanoparticle-dispersed methacrylate photopolymer films. Holographic recording dynamics are measured for several dye concentrations and writing intensities. It is found that there exists the optimum writing intensity for a given dye concentration to maximize the diffraction efficiency. Noticeable hologram-apodization phenomena caused by the longitudinal refractive-index changes are also observed in the Bragg-angle selectivity curve. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.70.Ln Holographic recording materials; optical storage media
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
81.05.Qk Reinforced polymers and polymer-based composites
78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
42.40.Lx Diffraction efficiency, resolution, and other hologram characteristics
42.30.-d Imaging and optical processing
82.35.Ej Nonlinear optics with polymers
82.35.Np Nanoparticles in polymers
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials

Thin film encapsulated flexible organic electroluminescent displays

Anna B. Chwang, Mark A. Rothman, Sokhanno Y. Mao, Richard H. Hewitt, Michael S. Weaver, Jeff A. Silvernail, Kamala Rajan, Michael Hack, Julie J. Brown, Xi Chu, Lorenza Moro, Todd Krajewski, and Nicole Rutherford

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 413 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1594284 (3 pages) | Cited 54 times

Online Publication Date: 16 July 2003

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We describe encapsulated passive matrix, video rate organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays on flexible plastic substrates using a multilayer barrier encapsulation technology. The flexible OLED (FOLED™) displays are based on highly efficient electrophosphorescent OLED (PHOLED™) technology deposited on barrier coated plastic (Flexible Glass™ substrate) and are hermetically sealed with an optically transmissive multilayer barrier coating (Barix™ encapsulation). Preliminary lifetime to half initial luminance (L0 ∼ 100 cd/m2) of order 200 h is achieved on the passive matrix driven encapsulated 80 dpi displays; 2500 h lifetime is achieved on a dc tested encapsulated 5 mm2 FOLED test pixel. The encapsulated displays are flexed 1000 times around a 1 in. diameter cylinder and show minimal damage. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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85.60.Pg Display systems
85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices

1.3 μm light amplification in dye-doped hybrid sol-gel channel waveguides

M. Casalboni, F. De Matteis, V. Merlo, P. Prosposito, R. Russo, and S. Schutzmann

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 416 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1593227 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 16 July 2003

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We report on light amplification of dye-doped hybrid channel waveguides in the near-infrared region. Films have been grown both on glass and silicon substrates by a spin-coating process that uses a hybrid organic/inorganic sol-gel route. Doped films have been obtained by incorporation of an organic dye (IR1051) emitting in the 1.1–1.3 μm spectral region. Active channel waveguides have been synthesized by photolitographic and ion-milling techniques. An optical gain of about 11 cm−1 was estimated by amplified spontaneous emission measurements. An estimation of the optical losses of the hybrid waveguides is also reported. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer
78.45.+h Stimulated emission
42.70.Hj Laser materials

Non-uniform carrier distribution in multi-quantum-well lasers

P. M. Smowton, G. M. Lewis, A. Sobiesierski, P. Blood, J. Lutti, and S. Osbourne

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 419 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1593818 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 16 July 2003

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We describe an approach to detect the presence of a nonuniform distribution of carriers between the different wells of multi-quantum-well laser diodes by measuring the gain and spontaneous emission spectra and demonstrate its application to a five-well sample that has a nonuniform carrier distribution at low temperatures. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
85.35.Be Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.)
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
78.67.De Quantum wells
73.21.Fg Quantum wells
73.63.Hs Quantum wells

Electro-tunable laser action in a dye-doped nematic liquid crystal waveguide under holographic excitation

Tatsunosuke Matsui, Masanori Ozaki, and Katsumi Yoshino

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 422 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1593827 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 16 July 2003

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Optically pumped distributed feedback lasing has been demonstrated in a dye-doped nematic liquid crystal (NLC) waveguide by holographic excitation. The excitation was performed by two-beam interference using Lloyd mirror configuration. With an applied electric field, continuous tuning of the lasing wavelength was realized due to the change of the effective refractive index of the NLC core layer caused by the reorientation of NLC molecules. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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42.55.Mv Dye lasers
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.79.Kr Display devices, liquid-crystal devices
42.70.Df Liquid crystals
61.30.Gd Orientational order of liquid crystals; electric and magnetic field effects on order
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.70.Hj Laser materials
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)

Confocal two-photon spectroscopy of red mercuric iodide

X. M. Wen, Paul Xu, Philip B. Lukins, and N. Ohno

Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 425 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1594825 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 16 July 2003

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One- and two-photon fluorescence of red mercuric iodide single crystal was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy and spectroscopy at room temperature. There is a clear difference in the fluorescence spectra for one- and two-photon excitation. With two-photon excitation, a fluorescent band is found at the band gap and its central wavelength shifts toward lower energy with increasing depth below the surface, whereas the fluorescent band for one-photon excitation remains invariant with depth. There is an approximately 70 μm thick defect transition layer near the surface and the defect concentration decreases approximately linearly from the surface to the bulk. The band-gap energy at room temperature is determined as 2.12 eV, which is consistent with previous studies. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials
07.79.Fc Near-field scanning optical microscopes
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