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17 May 2004

Volume 84, Issue 20, pp. 3957-4121

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4104 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1753068 (3 pages)

Tetsuya Akasaka, Toshio Nishida, Toshiki Makimoto, and Naoki Kobayashi
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Methodology for optimizing viewing characteristics of top-emitting organic light-emitting devices

Chung-Chih Wu, Chun-Liang Lin, Ping-Yuan Hsieh, and Huo-Hsien Chiang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3966 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1745107 (3 pages) | Cited 49 times

Online Publication Date: 3 May 2004

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Top-emitting organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) have a few technical merits for active-matrix OLED displays. Generally stronger microcavity effects inherent in top-emitting OLEDs, however, complicate optimization of device efficiency and other viewing characteristics. In this letter, using the rigorous classical electromagnetic model, we analyze emission characteristics of top-emitting OLEDs as a function of device structures. From the comprehensive analysis, trends in the dependence of emission characteristics on device structures are extracted, and accordingly, a general methodology for optimizing viewing characteristics of top-emitting OLEDs for display applications is suggested. The effectiveness of the analysis and the methodology is confirmed by experimental results. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
85.60.Pg Display systems
85.30.De Semiconductor-device characterization, design, and modeling

Thermionic and tunneling cooling thermodynamics

Hui Tong Chua, Xiaolin Wang, and Jeffrey M. Gordon

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3999 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1738939 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 5 May 2004

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We unambiguously identify and derive the irreversibilities and entropy fluxes of the quantum and classical processes that intrinsically limit the performance of thermionic and tunneling chillers. The fundamental tradeoff between cooling flux and efficiency can then be evaluated, including the ramifications for feasible cooling regimes. Quantitative illustrations are provided for real solid-state devices. We cast these results as trajectories in the temperature-entropy plane and unify the thermodynamic perspective of these quantum chillers with that of conventional cooling cycles. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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07.20.Mc Cryogenics; refrigerators, low-temperature detectors, and other low-temperature equipment
79.40.+z Thermionic emission
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