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17 May 2004

Volume 84, Issue 20, pp. 3957-4121

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4104 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1753068 (3 pages)

Tetsuya Akasaka, Toshio Nishida, Toshiki Makimoto, and Naoki Kobayashi
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Coherent control of intersubband optical bistability in quantum wells

H. O. Wijewardane and C. A. Ullrich

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3984 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1751611 (3 pages) | Cited 35 times

Online Publication Date: 3 May 2004

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We present a study of the nonlinear intersubband (ISB) response of conduction electrons in a GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum well to strong terahertz (THz) radiation, using a density-matrix approach combined with time-dependent density-functional theory. We demonstrate coherent control of ISB optical bistability, using THz control pulses to induce picosecond switching between the bistable states. The switching speed is determined by the ISB relaxation and decoherence times, T1 and T2. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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78.67.De Quantum wells
42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects

Low-loss fiber accessible plasmon waveguide for planar energy guiding and sensing

Stefan A. Maier, Paul E. Barclay, Thomas J. Johnson, Michelle D. Friedman, and Oskar Painter

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3990 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1753060 (3 pages) | Cited 27 times

Online Publication Date: 3 May 2004

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A metal nanoparticle plasmon waveguide for electromagnetic energy transport utilizing dispersion engineering to increase lateral energy confinement via a two-dimensional pattern of Au dots on an optically thin Si membrane is described. Using finite-difference time-domain simulations and coupled-mode theory, we show that phase-matched evanescent excitation from conventional fiber tapers is possible with efficiencies >90% for realistic geometries. Energy loss in this waveguide is mainly due to material absorption, allowing for 1/e energy decay distances of about 320 μm for excitation at telecommunication frequencies. This concept can be extended to the visible regime and promises applications in optical energy guiding, optical sensing, and switching. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)

Low-loss GaInNAs saturable absorber mode locking a 1.3-μm solid-state laser

V. Liverini, S. Schön, R. Grange, M. Haiml, S. C. Zeller, and U. Keller

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4002 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1748841 (3 pages) | Cited 29 times

Online Publication Date: 5 May 2004

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We have demonstrated stable self-starting passive cw mode locking of a solid-state laser at about 1.3 μm using a GaInNAs semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). GaInNAs SESAMs show negligible nonsaturable losses, low saturation fluences (11 μJ/cm2) and picosecond decay times which make them well-suited for self-starting and stable cw mode locking. Sub-10-ps pulses were produced with a Nd:YLF laser at 1314 nm. The incorporation of about 2% nitrogen into InGaAs redshifts the absorption edge above 1330 nm and reduces the strain in the saturable absorber grown on a GaAs/AlAs Bragg mirror. Final absorption edge adjustments have been made with thermal annealing which blueshifts the absorption edge. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking

Measurement of guided light-mode intensity: An alternative waveguide sensing principle

Róbert Horváth, Nina Skivesen, and Henrik C. Pedersen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4044 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1751610 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 5 May 2004

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An alternative transduction mechanism for planar optical waveguide sensors is reported. Based on a simple measurement of the mode intensity, the presented transduction is an interesting alternative to the conventional mode-angle transduction, because the expensive, high-precision angular rotation usually employed may be avoided. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.79.Pw Imaging detectors and sensors

Terahertz quantum-well photodetector

H. C. Liu, C. Y. Song, A. J. SpringThorpe, and J. C. Cao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4068 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1751620 (3 pages) | Cited 61 times

Online Publication Date: 5 May 2004

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The design and projected performance of quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) for the terahertz (1–10 THz) or the very-far-infrared region are presented together with our initial demonstration of a GaAs/AlGaAs QWIP working at photon energies below the optical phonons. We point out the problem with this initial device, discuss possible causes, and suggest areas of improvement.
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85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
78.67.De Quantum wells
07.57.Kp Bolometers; infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave receivers and detectors

Longitudinal compression of short laser pulses in air

I. Alexeev, A. Ting, D. F. Gordon, E. Briscoe, J. R. Penano, R. F. Hubbard, and P. Sprangle

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4080 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1753051 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 5 May 2004

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We have performed laboratory experiments to study long distance propagation of large bandwidth ultrashort laser pulses in air. Initial pulse length, frequency chirping, and laser pulse energy were varied where the maximum propagation distance was up to 105 m. We have demonstrated the compression of initially negatively chirped low intensity laser pulses due to the linear group velocity dispersion of air. The characteristics of the compressed pulse such as pulse duration and spectral chirping were found to be significantly affected by the laser pulse intensity, with higher intensities corresponding to longer minimum compressed pulse duration. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation

High contrast polymer-dispersed liquid crystal in a 90° twisted cell

Yi-Hsin Lin, Hongwen Ren, and Shin-Tson Wu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4083 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1753052 (3 pages) | Cited 26 times

Online Publication Date: 5 May 2004

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A polymer-dispersed liquid crystal confined in a 90° twisted cell (T-PDLC) is demonstrated. In comparison to a conventional PDLC, the T-PDLC is also polarization independent while exhibiting a higher contrast ratio. Potential applications of the T-PDLC are in polarizer-free reflective display and light switch. A black and white segmented-alphabet reflective display using a dye-doped T-PDLC is demonstrated. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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61.30.Pq Microconfined liquid crystals: droplets, cylinders, randomly confined liquid crystals, polymer dispersed liquid crystals, and porous systems
61.72.S- Impurities in crystals
42.79.Kr Display devices, liquid-crystal devices
42.70.Df Liquid crystals

An InGaN-based horizontal-cavity surface-emitting laser diode

Tetsuya Akasaka, Toshio Nishida, Toshiki Makimoto, and Naoki Kobayashi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4104 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1753068 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 5 May 2004

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An InGaN-based horizontal-cavity surface-emitting laser diode (HCSELD) was fabricated by dry-etching of an InGaN-based multilayer on a SiC substrate and selective-area regrowth of a Mg-doped GaN layer. The InGaN-based HCSELD is a Fabry–Perot laser diode equipped with outer micromirrors that reflect the laser beams upward. The cavity mirrors and outer micromirrors are vertical {11math0} and inclined {11math2} facets of the regrown Mg-doped GaN layers, respectively. These grown facets are very smooth and had little angle misalignment. The InGaN-based HCSELD lased by current injection at room temperature. Current-injection lasing for group-III-nitride-based surface-emitting lasers is reported. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
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