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24 May 2004

Volume 84, Issue 21, pp. 4141-4340

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4316 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1756684 (3 pages)

Seok Pil Jang and Stephen U. S. Choi
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Conformal sensor skin approach to the safety-monitoring of H2 fuel tanks

Shuxiang Dong, Hu Cao, Feiming Bai, Li Yan, J. F. Li, D. Viehland, and Yongkang Gao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4153 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1753651 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 6 May 2004

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A conformal sensor skin approach has been developed for safety monitoring of H2 fuel tanks. Small piezoelectrically driven sound resonance cavities were embedded in a porous polymer. When placed on a structural composite plate, it was found feasible to detect the leakage of small concentrations of H2 in real time. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
43.38.Fx Piezoelectric and ferroelectric transducers
85.50.-n Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric devices

Voltage gain effect in a ring-type magnetoelectric laminate

Shuxiang Dong, J. F. Li, and D. Viehland

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4188 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1756676 (3 pages) | Cited 38 times

Online Publication Date: 6 May 2004

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It has been observed that a ring-type magnetoelectric laminate composite of circumferentially magnetized magnetostrictive Tb1−xDyxFe2 and circumferentially polarized piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 layers has a large magnetoelectric voltage gain effect, offering potential in high-power miniature transformer applications. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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75.80.+q Magnetomechanical effects, magnetostriction
75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys
77.84.Lf Composite materials
85.75.-d Magnetoelectronics; spintronics: devices exploiting spin polarized transport or integrated magnetic fields

Generalized Snell’s law and its possible relation to coherent backscattering of ultrasonic waves

Nico F. Declercq, Joris Degrieck, and Oswald Leroy

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4245 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1756675 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 7 May 2004

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The cause of backscattering in the Rayleigh angle has first been explained by means of finite beam models in which there are inherently present backward traveling components that explain the backscattering effect. Later, the nature of backscattered sound was proved to consist mostly of incoherent sound due to material anomalies. The present work shows that besides the well known real Snell’s law: i.e., continuity of the frequency and continuity of the wave vector component along the interface, there is also the possibility of a complex solution of Snell’s condition of continuity. The latter shows that it is possible that a part of the incident sound gets reflected into nonspecular directions including the backscatter direction. Furthermore, it is shown that this sound must have a different frequency than the incident frequency. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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43.35.-c Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound

Method to sense single-particle motion using a tapered-gap microcapacitor

Ruti Kapon, Ilan Sagiv, Joseph Shappir, Noa Mazorski, Guy Ziv, Dan Shahar, and Ziv Reich

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4277 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1738940 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 7 May 2004

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We present an approach to study the real-time dynamics of single molecules using capacitance measurements. The method is based on a nonparallel-plate microcapacitor, which has a tapered-gap geometry. A particle moving within such a capacitor induces capacitance changes that depend on its position. Monitoring these changes allows motion to be traced at a resolution which is higher than the smallest fabricated feature of the device. The detection scheme also enables the distinction between particles of different dielectric constants and the exertion of dielectrophoretic forces on the particles. This approach provides a means for studying various aspects of single-particle dynamics at high resolution, in real time, and under conditions compatible with biological systems. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
84.37.+q Measurements in electric variables (including voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, inductance, impedance, and admittance, etc.)
84.32.Tt Capacitors
82.45.-h Electrochemistry and electrophoresis

An imaging fiber-based optical tweezer array for microparticle array assembly

Jenny M. Tam, Israel Biran, and David R. Walt

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4289 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1753062 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 7 May 2004

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In this letter, we present a method to generate and regenerate arrays of microspheres by optically trapping through optical imaging fiber bundles. In this method, a laser beam is coupled into the proximal end of an optical fiber bundle, and the light energy is distributed across the face of the fiber. Each illuminated individual fiber in the array propagates light to the distal face of the bundle, where light focusing elements at the end of each fiber focus the laser light and form optical traps. These optical traps are capable of capturing and arraying microspheres in parallel. The number of optical traps is determined by the number of fibers in the optical fiber bundle and is capable of creating a dense array ( ∼ 5×104 traps/mm2) of optical tweezers.
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37.10.Vz Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions
42.30.-d Imaging and optical processing
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