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7 Jun 2004

Volume 84, Issue 23, pp. 4599-4816

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4650 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1759390 (3 pages)

David I. Woodward, Ian M. Reaney, Gaiying Y. Yang, Elizabeth C. Dickey, and Clive A. Randall
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Suppression of subcutaneous oxidation during the deposition of amorphous lanthanum aluminate on silicon

L. F. Edge, D. G. Schlom, R. T. Brewer, Y. J. Chabal, J. R. Williams, S. A. Chambers, C. Hinkle, G. Lucovsky, Y. Yang, S. Stemmer, M. Copel, B. Holländer, and J. Schubert

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4629 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1759065 (3 pages) | Cited 50 times

Online Publication Date: 19 May 2004

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Amorphous LaAlO3 thin films have been deposited by molecular beam deposition directly on silicon without detectable oxidation of the underlying substrate. We have studied these abrupt interfaces by Auger electron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, medium-energy ion scattering, transmission infrared absorption spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Together these techniques indicate that the films are fully oxidized and have less than 0.2 Å of SiO2 at the interface between the amorphous LaAlO3 and silicon. These heterostructures are being investigated for alternative gate dielectric applications and provide an opportunity to control the interface between the silicon and the gate dielectric. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.84.Bw Elements, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, chalcogenides, etc.
81.65.Mq Oxidation
79.20.Fv Electron impact: Auger emission
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
82.80.Pv Electron spectroscopy (X-ray photoelectron (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), etc.)
68.37.Lp Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Vacancy ordering in reduced barium titanate

David I. Woodward, Ian M. Reaney, Gaiying Y. Yang, Elizabeth C. Dickey, and Clive A. Randall

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4650 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1759390 (3 pages) | Cited 38 times

Online Publication Date: 19 May 2004

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A crystal structure is proposed for reduced barium titanate, BaTiO3−δ, δ≈0.33, formed during the degradation of Ni–BaTiO3 X7R multilayer ceramic capacitors. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction have been used in combination with computer simulations to show that oxygen vacancies accrete on every third pseudocubic {111} plane, resulting in a cell with space group P3m1. Additionally, from electron energy loss spectroscopy, it is proposed that Ti4+ is reduced to Ti3+ as a mechanism of charge compensation within oxygen-deficient octahedra. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
61.72.J- Point defects and defect clusters
61.66.Fn Inorganic compounds
79.20.Uv Electron energy loss spectroscopy

Growth and pyroelectric property of 0.2 mol % Fe-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.38PbTiO3 single crystals measured by a dynamic technique

Xinming Wan, Xingui Tang, Jie Wang, H. L. W. Chan, C. L. Choy, and Haosu Luo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4711 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1762982 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 19 May 2004

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To develop a high-performance pyroelectric infrared detector, large-size and high-quality 0.2 mol % Fe-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.38PbTiO3 single crystals have been grown by a modified Bridgman technique with a seed crystal. At 50 Hz, the doped single crystal showed a lower dielectric constant of 310 compared with the pure one. A low dielectric loss of 0.0067 was also obtained by doping with small concentration of iron ions. Piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 〈001〉 oriented sample was ∼260 pC/N. The pyroelectric properties and their temperature dependence were measured by the dynamic technique. At room temperature, the pyroelectric coefficient and calculated detectivity figure of merit FD are 568 μC/m2 K and 53 μPa−1/2, respectively. The values of current response figure of merit Fi and voltage response figure of merit Fv are 227.2 pm/V and 0.083 m2/C, respectively. These excellent pyroelectric properties as well as being able to produce large-size and high-quality single crystals make this kind of single crystal very promising for high-performance infrared detectors and other pyroelectric applications. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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81.10.Fq Growth from melts; zone melting and refining
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
77.70.+a Pyroelectric and electrocaloric effects
85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
77.22.Gm Dielectric loss and relaxation
85.50.-n Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric devices

Anomalous field-induced effects in the sound velocity in lead magnesium niobate probed by micro-Brillouin scattering

S. G. Lushnikov, Jae-Hyeon Ko, and Seiji Kojima

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4798 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1760889 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 21 May 2004

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Field-induced changes in Brillouin scattering spectra of the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 relaxor ferroelectric have been examined in the vicinity of a diffuse phase transition under a dc electric field oriented along the [111] direction. It has been established that the transition into an electric-field-induced ferroelectric phase is accompanied by a step-like anomaly in the sound velocity of the quasilongitudinal acoustic phonon (QLA) propagating along the [110] direction. The changes in QLA phonon velocity at the ferroelectric phase transition were found to be either reversible or irreversible in different regions of the induced ferroelectric phase. The experimental results are compared with E–T phase diagrams. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.80.B- Phase transitions and Curie point
78.35.+c Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering; other light scattering
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