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2 Feb 2004

Volume 84, Issue 5, pp. 645-830

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 810 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1644924 (3 pages)

Hendrik F. Hamann, Yves C. Martin, and H. Kumar Wickramasinghe
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Wide-field coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Christoph Heinrich, Stefan Bernet, and Monika Ritsch-Marte

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 816 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1641164 (3 pages) | Cited 24 times

Online Publication Date: 27 January 2004

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We suggest a variant of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, which is a nonlinear microscopy method that has recently proven very successful in functional imaging of living cells with vibrational contrast. Whereas existing CARS microscopy techniques involve confocal scanning, in our setup excitation and detection are performed in a wide-field (nonconfocal) geometry, similar to a combination of dark-field and epifluorescence microscopy. The use of a nanosecond laser system rather than the typically used pico- or femtosecond systems furthermore implies a high spectroscopic resolution for various Raman-active substances. We demonstrate the feasibility of the wide-field approach on test samples and discuss its prospects to become a complemental method to confocal scanning CARS microscopy. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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42.65.Dr Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS
42.65.Es Stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering
07.60.Pb Conventional optical microscopes
87.64.M- Optical microscopy
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