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2 Feb 2004

Volume 84, Issue 5, pp. 645-830

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 810 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1644924 (3 pages)

Hendrik F. Hamann, Yves C. Martin, and H. Kumar Wickramasinghe
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Measurement of the scattering and absorption cross sections of the human body

Stéphane G. Conti, Philippe Roux, David A. Demer, and Julien de Rosny

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 819 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1644626 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 27 January 2004

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Presented here are absolute measurements of the acoustic intensity scattered and absorbed by humans. The total scattering and absorption cross sections, σT and σa, were obtained for individual humans walking randomly in a room, using long-duration acoustic reverberation. Within the audible range, the sound scattering spectra of the human body is similar to that of a hard ellipsoid with same volume (dimensions proportional to the mass to the one-third power). Moreover, increasing amounts of clothing have little effect on scattering while absorption is greatly increased. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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43.20.Fn Scattering of acoustic waves
43.55.Br Room acoustics: theory and experiment; reverberation, normal modes, diffusion, transient and steady-state response

Calibration procedure for temperature measurements by thermoreflectance under high magnification conditions

S. Dilhaire, S. Grauby, and W. Claeys

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 822 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1645326 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 27 January 2004

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We show that, in thermoreflectance measurements under high focusing conditions, the signal is not only due to the surface temperature variations. Indeed, the reflected light from the device under test interferes with the incoming one, making a parasitic Fabry-Pérot. Besides, the motion of the sample surface induced, for example, by Joule heating, can produce an additional signal superimposed on the thermoreflectance one. Consequently, reliable thermoreflectance measurements under high focusing conditions, and particularly their calibration, demand a control of the distance between the objective and the sample. Using a servo loop to maintain the distance between the objective and the device constant, thermoreflectance measurements have been made in transient regime on an electronic device and the thermoreflectance coefficient of gold has been deduced. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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78.20.N- Thermo-optic effects
78.20.nb Photothermal effects
07.20.Dt Thermometers
06.20.F- Units and standards

Comparison of the field emissions between highly ordered carbon nanotubes with closed and open tips

Seon Mi Yoon, Joseok Chae, and Jung Sang Suh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 825 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1645657 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 27 January 2004

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We have studied the field emission from the closed and open tips of highly ordered carbon nanotubes fabricated on porous anodic aluminum oxide templates by changing the tube height. Due to the field-screening effect provoked by the proximity of the neighboring tubes, the field emission from both kinds of the tips was critically affected by the tube height that protruded from the surface. The field emission optimizes when the tube height is similar to the intertube distance for both kinds of tips. The field emission from the closed tips is much more efficient than that from the open ones. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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79.70.+q Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption

Individually addressed large-scale patterning of conducting polymers by localized electric fields

Ming Su, Lei Fu, Nianqiang Wu, Mohammed Aslam, and Vinayak P. Dravid

Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 828 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1645323 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 27 January 2004

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A scaleable and site-specific patterning approach with individual addressability is demonstrated via an electropolymerization process within the gap of electrodes. The method can pattern conducting polymer structures by applying a bias between desired electrodes in a monomer vapor. The reaction is proposed to happen in a thin water film condensed inside the electrode gap at ambient environment. It is possible to pattern different conducting polymers on the same substrate by exposing to different monomers. Proof-of-concept experiments on pyrrole and thiophene have shown the generality of this simple and robust method, which enables the real-time monitoring of the resistance and deposition of the conducting polymers. Finally, chemical sensing of the patterned polypyrrole structures to ethanol vapor and ammonia gas are presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural fibers; organometallic and organic materials
81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning
61.41.+e Polymers, elastomers, and plastics
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