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27 Sep 2004

Volume 85, Issue 13, pp. 2451-2664

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2619 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1802384 (3 pages)

R. Basu, N. P. Guisinger, M. E. Greene, and M. C. Hersam
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Magnetoelectric interactions in hot-pressed nickel zinc ferrite and lead zirconante titanate composites

G. Srinivasan, C. P. DeVreugd, C. S. Flattery, V. M. Laletsin, and N. Paddubnaya

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2550 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1795365 (3 pages) | Cited 47 times

Online Publication Date: 28 September 2004

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The synthesis by hot pressing and wide-band (10 Hz–1 MHz) magnetoelectric (ME) characterization of bulk composites of nickel zinc ferrite Ni1−xZnxFe2O4 (NZFO) (x=0–0.5) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are reported. Hot-pressed samples show an order of magnitude improvement in ME voltage coefficient compared to sintered samples. Frequency dependence of ME coefficients show a three order of magnitude enhancement at electromechanical resonance. The ME coupling is maximum for samples with equal volume of ferrite and PZT. The strongest ME interactions are measured for samples of NZFO (x=0.2) and PZT.
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81.05.Mh Cermets, ceramic and refractory composites
75.80.+q Magnetomechanical effects, magnetostriction
81.20.Ev Powder processing: powder metallurgy, compaction, sintering, mechanical alloying, and granulation

A spin injector

Zhigao Chen, Baigeng Wang, D. Y. Xing, and Jian Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2553 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1793335 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 28 September 2004

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We theoretically put forward a spin injector, which consists of a three-terminal ferromagnetic-metal (FM) nonmagnetic-semiconductor (NS)-superconductor (SC) mesoscopic hybrid system. This device can inject not only the spin-up current but also the pure spin current into the NS lead. The crossed Andreev reflection plays a key role in this device. Such a spin injector may be realized within the reach of the present-day technology.
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73.63.Kv Quantum dots
72.25.Mk Spin transport through interfaces
74.78.Na Mesoscopic and nanoscale systems
72.10.Bg General formulation of transport theory
73.23.-b Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems
72.80.Jc Other crystalline inorganic semiconductors
75.70.Cn Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures)
74.45.+c Proximity effects; Andreev reflection; SN and SNS junctions
74.25.F- Transport properties
72.15.Eb Electrical and thermal conduction in crystalline metals and alloys

Microscopic magnetic squeezer

L. E. Helseth, T. M. Fischer, R. W. Hansen, and T. H. Johansen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2556 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1795977 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 28 September 2004

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A microscopic magnetic squeezer based on two magnetic domain walls moving along a one-dimensional potential well generated by a stress line in ferrite garnet films is demonstrated. The squeezer can operate on magnetic objects of size 1–200 μm and exert compressive forces up to 10 pN. The squeezer operation, i.e., the relative motion of the two domain walls, is well controlled by a small external magnetic field modulation. The squeezer has potential applications in microfluidics and also as sensitive pressure gauges for microbiological systems.
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75.50.Gg Ferrimagnetics
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
75.70.Kw Domain structure (including magnetic bubbles and vortices)
81.40.Np Fatigue, corrosion fatigue, embrittlement, cracking, fracture, and failure
62.20.M- Structural failure of materials
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity

Direct observation of magnetically induced phase separation in Co-W sputtered thin films

K. Oikawa, G. W. Qin, M. Sato, S. Okamoto, O. Kitakami, Y. Shimada, K. Fukamichi, K. Ishida, and T. Koyama

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2559 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1793354 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 28 September 2004

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Phase separation of Co-W sputtered thin films having a large magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy have been investigated. A nanoscale compositional fluctuation caused by magnetically induced phase separation was directly confirmed in the films deposited on a heated substrate in analogy with Co-Cr-based alloys. The difference between the phase separation features in Co-W and Co-Cr is attributed to the difference in their elastic energy. It is expected that the phase separation is enhanced by selecting optimum sputtering conditions. The Co-W system, therefore, is considered to be a promising candidate as a base alloy system for high-density recording media.
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75.50.Cc Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys
75.50.Ss Magnetic recording materials
75.20.En Metals and alloys
68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
75.30.Gw Magnetic anisotropy
64.75.-g Phase equilibria
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
81.15.Cd Deposition by sputtering

Incoherent magnetization rotation observed in subnanosecond time-resolving x-ray photoemission electron microscopy

C. M. Schneider, A. Kuksov, A. Krasyuk, A. Oelsner, D. Neeb, S. A. Nepijko, G. Schönhense, I. Mönch, R. Kaltofen, J. Morais, C. de Nadaï, and N. B. Brookes

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2562 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1790606 (3 pages) | Cited 24 times

Online Publication Date: 28 September 2004

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We present recent results of time-resolved x-ray photoemission electron microscopy on permalloy microstructures. The stroboscopic experiments feature a time-resolution of Δτ⩽130 ps. We observe a strong influence of incoherent magnetization rotation processes, leading to a significant transient stray-field formation at the edges of the microstructure.
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75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys
75.70.Kw Domain structure (including magnetic bubbles and vortices)
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
79.60.Dp Adsorbed layers and thin films

Phase separation and magnetic properties of Nd60Fe30Al10 thin films

A. Bracchi, K. Samwer, T. Niermann, M. Seibt, and S. Schneider

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2565 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1800283 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 28 September 2004

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In this letter we report results of the investigation of Nd60Fe30Al10 thin films prepared by electron-beam evaporation and studied by analytical transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and magnetometry. Structural and magnetic characterizations show the existence of an amorphous matrix, which embeds a second glassy phase. The observed microstructure confirms the tendency of the Nd60Fe30Al10 system to show phase separation and to form an intrinsic composite as previously reported for slow-cooled bulk samples of the same composition. The magnetic properties of the thin films prepared with high cooling rate are discussed, taking into account magnetic pinning effects of the main magnetic phase.
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75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys
75.50.Kj Amorphous and quasicrystalline magnetic materials
75.50.Vv High coercivity materials
75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
72.15.Jf Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects
68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
68.55.Nq Composition and phase identification
75.30.Cr Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
81.15.-z Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy
64.75.-g Phase equilibria
68.37.Lp Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Scanning laser imaging of dissipation in YBa2Cu3O7−δ-coated conductors

D. Abraimov, D. M. Feldmann, A. A. Polyanskii, A. Gurevich, G. Daniels, D. C. Larbalestier, A. P. Zhuravel, and A. V. Ustinov

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2568 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1794377 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 28 September 2004

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We investigate dc-current flow in high-jc YBa2Cu3O7−δ-coated conductors by low-temperature laser scanning microscopy (LTLSM) and correlate the LTLSM response to magneto-optical imaging (MOI) and grain boundary (GB) misorientation. Because the voltage response measured by LTLSM is associated with the local electric field, while MOI shows the local magnetic field, the combination of these two techniques unambiguously shows that the dominant sources of dissipation and easy flux flow occur at and near GBs. By correlating LTLSM images to grain misorientation maps determined by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), we can directly observe the overloading of current paths through low-angle GBs neighboring higher-angle GBs.
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74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures
74.72.-h Cuprate superconductors
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
78.20.Ls Magneto-optical effects
74.25.Gz Optical properties
61.72.Mm Grain and twin boundaries
79.20.Kz Other electron-impact emission phenomena

Coercivity exceeding 100 kOe in epitaxially grown FePt sputtered films

T. Shima, K. Takanashi, Y. K. Takahashi, and K. Hono

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2571 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1794863 (3 pages) | Cited 93 times

Online Publication Date: 28 September 2004

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Microstructure and magnetization processes of highly ordered FePt (001) films with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy have been studied. The film morphology was controlled from assemblies of single-domain nanoparticles to those of multidomain islands by varying the nominal thickness (tN) of the FePt films sputter-deposited on a heated MgO (001) substrate. The change in the magnetization process from magnetization rotation to domain wall displacement is clearly demonstrated by the initial magnetization curves. Huge coercivities as high as 70 and 105 kOe have been achieved in the film with single-domain particles at room temperature and 4.5 K, respectively.
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75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys
75.50.Vv High coercivity materials
68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
75.30.Gw Magnetic anisotropy
75.70.Kw Domain structure (including magnetic bubbles and vortices)
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
68.35.B- Structure of clean surfaces (and surface reconstruction)
81.15.Cd Deposition by sputtering
68.37.Lp Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
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