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4 Oct 2004

Volume 85, Issue 14, pp. 2679-2983

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2860 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1799245 (3 pages)

Priya Mahadevan and Alex Zunger
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Enhanced generation of fast protons from a polymer-coated metal foil by a femtosecond intense laser field

Hiroaki Kishimura, Hiroto Morishita, Yasuhisa H. Okano, Yasuaki Okano, Yoichiro Hironaka, Ken-ichi Kondo, Kazutaka G. Nakamura, Yuji Oishi, and Koshichi Nemoto

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2736 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1803915 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 14 October 2004

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The results of generation of fast protons from 5-μm-thick copper foil targets by 60 fs laser irradiation at 1.5×1017 W∕cm2 are presented. Both polyvinylmethylether (PVME)-coated and uncoated copper foil targets are examined. Fast protons are measured using a Thomson mass spectrometer and maximum proton energies are 570 and 280 keV for the PVME-coated and the uncoated target, respectively. The intensity of fast protons with energy of 160 keV from the PVME-coated target is approximately 80-fold higher than that from the uncoated target.
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61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
61.82.Pv Polymers, organic compounds
61.82.Bg Metals and alloys

Nature of high-energy ions in the cathode plasma jet of a vacuum arc with high rate of current rise

I. I. Beilis

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2739 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1801171 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 14 October 2004

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The production mechanism of extremely high-energy (up to 10 keV) ions observed in vacuum arcs having only a few tens of volts of arc voltage was considered. A model was developed for the plasma acceleration in a high-current (≥1 kA) short pulsed (<1 μs) vacuum arc, taking into account the high rate of rise of the spot current (dI∕dt>100 MA∕s). A system of equations, including equations for the cathode spot and the plasma jet, was solved self-consistently with dI∕dt in the range of 0.1–10 GA∕s. It was shown that the plasma could be accelerated to the measured energy in the near spot region due to a gas dynamic mechanism and that the ion energy depends on the ratio of the ion flux to the electron flux. This ratio is determined by the cathode erosion rate. The calculated cathode erosion rate varies from 200 to 10 μg∕C when the ion energy increases from 0.1 to 10 keV and well agrees with measurements.
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52.80.Mg Arcs; sparks; lightning; atmospheric electricity
52.80.Vp Discharge in vacuum
52.25.Fi Transport properties
52.70.Ds Electric and magnetic measurements
52.50.-b Plasma production and heating
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