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13 Dec 2004

Volume 85, Issue 24, pp. 5819-6053

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5968 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1830083 (3 pages)

A. Urbieta, P. Fernández, and J. Piqueras
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Ultrasonic trapping of small particles by sharp edges vibrating in a flexural mode

Junhui Hu, Jianbo Yang, and Jun Xu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 6042 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1834996 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2004

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Ultrasonic trapping of small particles by sharp edges vibrating in a flexural mode is reported. Two rectangular metal plates with a sharp edge are mechanically excited to vibrate in a flexural mode by the piezoelectric rings which are pressed between them by a bolt structure. Small particles such as mint seeds and flying color seeds can be attracted to the sharp edges of the plates. Relationship between input power applied to the piezoelectric rings and the number of trapped particles is experimentally investigated for mint seeds and flying color seeds in water and air. The result shows that for a given type of particle, there exists an input power at which the number of trapped particles is a maximum. Mechanism analysis shows that nodes or antinodes of acoustic pressure of the sound field near the sharp edges are responsible for the trapping.
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46.70.De Beams, plates, and shells
43.35.-c Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound
43.40.-r Structural acoustics and vibration

One-dimensional ultrasound receive array using spectrally encoded optical detection

T. Buma and M. O’Donnell

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 6045 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1835000 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2004

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An ultrafast Ti:Sapphire laser and a Sagnac interferometer are combined for optical detection of ultrasound. Distinct spatial positions are probed simultaneously by different wavelengths within the broadband laser. Ultrasonic signals from each probe position are derived from the spectrum of the reflected light. The same single-mode fiber delivers incident and reflected light. A one-dimensional receive array is demonstrated by measuring the acoustic field of a spherically focused piezoelectric transducer. This is a promising form of parallel detection for miniaturized high-frequency ultrasonic arrays.
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43.38.Hz Transducer arrays, acoustic interaction effects in arrays
43.30.Yj Transducers and transducer arrays for underwater sound; transducer calibration
43.60.Fg Acoustic array systems and processing, beam-forming
43.60.Lq Acoustic imaging, displays, pattern recognition, feature extraction
43.38.Fx Piezoelectric and ferroelectric transducers

Naturally occurring, optically driven, cellular rotor

J. A. Dharmadhikari, S. Roy, A. K. Dharmadhikari, S. Sharma, and D. Mathur

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 6048 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1836874 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2004

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We report the conversion of optical energy into mechanical energy by naturally occurring red blood cells (RBCs) placed in an optical trap. A trapped RBC undergoes folding due to the elastic nature of its cell membrane. On use of circularly polarized light in the trap, the folded RBCs rotate, indicating their birefringence. The cellular rotation speed depends on the size of the blood cells and on laser power. Rotating RBCs have implications for naturally occurring, optically driven, rotary micromachines.
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87.80.Cc Optical trapping
87.16.D- Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles
87.50.W- Optical/infrared radiation effects
87.15.Cc Folding: thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, models, and pathways

Microfabricated suspensions for electrical connections on the tunable elastomer membrane

Paul J. Hung, Kihun Jeong, Gang L. Liu, and Luke P. Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 6051 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1835553 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2004

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Electrical connections through microfabricated suspensions on a pneumatically pumped elastomer membrane were demonstrated. A method to fabricate the suspensions on the elastomer membrane was developed. The elastomer membrane was 1 mm in diameter and 120 μm in thickness. Resistances of the microfabricated suspensions measured across the elastomer membrane were within 1% difference when the membrane’s center deflection ranged from 0 to 100 μm, which corresponded to a numerical aperture change from 0 to 0.2 as well as a 2.6% elongation of the elastomer.
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82.70.Kj Emulsions and suspensions
73.40.Cg Contact resistance, contact potential
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