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13 Dec 2004

Volume 85, Issue 24, pp. 5819-6053

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5968 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1830083 (3 pages)

A. Urbieta, P. Fernández, and J. Piqueras
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Current-induced spin polarization at a single heterojunction

A. Yu. Silov, P. A. Blajnov, J. H. Wolter, R. Hey, K. H. Ploog, and N. S. Averkiev

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5929 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1833565 (3 pages) | Cited 17 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2004

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We have experimentally achieved spin polarization by a lateral current in a single nonmagnetic semiconductor heterojunction. The effect does not require an applied magnetic field. The current-induced spin orientation can be seen as the inverse of the circular photogalvanic effect (also often referred to as spin photocurrents): the nonequilibrium spin changes its sign as the current reverses.
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73.40.Kp III-V semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, p-n junctions, and heterojunctions
72.25.Dc Spin polarized transport in semiconductors
78.55.Cr III-V semiconductors
72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping

One-dimensional bigyrotropic magnetic photonic crystals

I. L. Lyubchanskii, N. N. Dadoenkova, M. I. Lyubchanskii, E. A. Shapovalov, A. Lakhtakia, and Th. Rasing

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5932 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1825060 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2004

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Electromagnetic wave propagation in a one-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal (MPC) made of bigyrotropic magnetic yttrium–iron garnet and nonmagnetic gadolinium–gallium garnet is theoretically investigated using the 4×4 transfer matrix method. Band gaps in the electromagnetic spectrum are numerically obtained and appear to depend on the helicity and direction of light propagation through the MPC.
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42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
73.21.Ac Multilayers
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
75.50.Gg Ferrimagnetics
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects

Piezoresistive detection-based ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy of microfabricated exchange bias systems

A. Volodin, D. Buntinx, S. Brems, and C. Van Haesendonck

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5935 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1836866 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2004

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Ferromagnetic resonance measurements were performed on CoO∕Co exchange biased microstructures with a low-temperature magnetic resonance force microscope (MRFM). The MRFM instrument relies on piezoresistive force detection, and the magnetic tip attached to the cantilever acts as a field gradient source. These features extend the applicability of the MRFM that can also be used as a conventional magnetic force microscope. Spatial variations of the MRFM signal, which are induced by a spatially modulated exchange bias, are monitored with a lateral resolution of about 5 μm.
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75.50.Cc Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys
76.50.+g Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic resonances; spin-wave resonance
68.37.Rt Magnetic force microscopy (MFM)
75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange interactions

Microscopic analysis of low-frequency flux noise in YBa2Cu3O7 direct current superconducting quantum interference devices

D. Doenitz, R. Straub, R. Kleiner, and D. Koelle

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5938 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1839273 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2004

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We use low-temperature scanning electron microscopy combined with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) detection of magnetic flux to image vortices and to investigate low-frequency flux noise in YBa2Cu3O7 thin film SQUIDs. The low-frequency flux noise shows a nonlinear increase with magnetic cooling field up to 60 μT. This effect is explained by the surface potential barrier at the SQUID hole. By correlating flux noise data with the spatial distribution of vortices, we obtain information on spatial fluctuations of vortices on a microscopic scale, e.g., an average vortex hopping length of ∼10 nm.
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85.25.Dq Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs)
74.25.Uv Vortex phases (includes vortex lattices, vortex liquids, and vortex glasses)
74.25.Ld Mechanical and acoustical properties, elasticity, and ultrasonic attenuation
68.37.Hk Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (including EBIC)

The subgap current in Nb∕AlOx∕Nb tunnel junctions

F. P. Milliken, R. H. Koch, J. R. Kirtley, and J. R. Rozen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5941 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1836016 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2004

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We have measured the subgap current at 0.8 K in several hysteretic 1.5×1.6 and 2.6×2.6 μm2 Nb∕AlOx∕Nb tunnel junctions. In zero magnetic field, the critical current Ic∼8 μA and the subgap resistance R∼0.3 MΩ. When we apply a magnetic field, Ic can be as low as 1 nA, and R is larger than 1 GΩ. This means that in a superconducting qubit made using Nb tunnel junctions, the decoherence rate from the quasiparticle conductance may be as low as 1∕(100 μs).
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74.70.Ad Metals; alloys and binary compounds (including A15, MgB2, etc.)
74.25.F- Transport properties
74.50.+r Tunneling phenomena; Josephson effects
85.25.Cp Josephson devices
74.25.Ha Magnetic properties including vortex structures and related phenomena
74.25.Sv Critical currents

Magnetic properties arising from two additive contributions in soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloys

J. González

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5944 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1833583 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2004

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The behavior of different magnetic properties (saturation magnetization and magnetostriction) of Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 nanocrystalline alloy exhibiting a biphase character has been assumed to be the algebraic sum of the contributions arising from the partial volume of both phases is investigated. Experimental results of the mentioned properties obtained in the classical mentioned nanocrystalline alloys seem to indicate the validity of the two volumetric contributions, although some discrepancies could suggest the relevance of another contribution coming from the surface region of the nanograins.
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75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
75.75.-c Magnetic properties of nanostructures
75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys
75.80.+q Magnetomechanical effects, magnetostriction
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments

Complex capacitance spectroscopy as a probe for oxidation process of AlOx-based magnetic tunnel junctions

J. C. A. Huang and C. Y. Hsu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5947 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1835534 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2004

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Proper as well as under- and over-oxided CoFe−AlOx−CoFe magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) have been systematically investigated in a frequency range from 102 to 108 Hz by complex capacitance spectroscopy. The dielectric relaxation behavior of the MTJs remarkably disobeys the typical Cole–Cole arc law probably due to the existence of imperfectly blocked Schottky barrier in the metal-insulator interface. The dielectric relaxation response can be successfully modeled on the basis of Debye relaxation by incorporating an interfacial dielectric contribution. In addition, complex capacitance spectroscopy demonstrates significant sensitivity to the oxidation process of metallic Al layers, i.e., almost a fingerprint of under, proper, and over oxidation. This technique provides a fast and simple method to inspect the AlOx barrier quality of MTJs.
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75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys
77.84.Bw Elements, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, chalcogenides, etc.
75.70.Cn Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures)
81.65.Mq Oxidation
81.05.Bx Metals, semimetals, and alloys
77.22.Gm Dielectric loss and relaxation
73.30.+y Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions
72.20.My Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects
75.47.Pq Other materials
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