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14 Mar 2005

Volume 86, Issue 11, Articles (11xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 113104 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1883725 (3 pages)

S. Bhattacharyya, C. Sinturel, J. P. Salvetat, and M.-L. Saboungi
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Substitution of H− for O− and H− emissions of 12CaO∙7Al2O3

F. Huang, J. Li, H. Xian, J. Tu, J. Q. Sun, S. Q. Yu, Q. X. Li, Y. Torimoto, and M. Sadakata

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 114101 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1881785 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 7 March 2005

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By using an anion-exchanging method, about 90% of the O− anions in the C12A7‐O− microporous crystal ([Ca24Al28O64]4+∙4O−) have been substituted primarily by the H− anions, leading to the successful formation of a new H− emission material, C12A7‐H− ([Ca24Al28O64]4+∙4H−). A sustainable and stable emission of H−, in a current density of μA/cm2 level, has been obtained by supplying H2 and electrons on the backside of the C12A7‐H− sample. The emission features of C12A7‐H−, including temperature and field effects, have been investigated. It is expected that the present material could be practically used as an H− anion generator.
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82.30.Hk Chemical exchanges (substitution, atom transfer, abstraction, disproportionation, and group exchange)
82.33.Ln Reactions in sol gels, aerogels, porous media
79.70.+q Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption

Soft-lithography-enabled fabrication of large numerical aperture refractive microlens array in hybrid SiO2–TiO2 sol-gel glass

X.-C. Yuan, W. X. Yu, M. He, J. Bu, W. C. Cheong, H. B. Niu, and X. Peng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 114102 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1882751 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 7 March 2005

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This paper describes a low-cost soft-lithography method for building large-numerical-aperture microlenses in hybrid sol-gel glass. The fabrication processes comprise three steps, namely fabrication of large numerical aperture microlens array in photoresist as a master, replication of the master in poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as elastomeric molds and reproduction of the PDMS replica onto the hybrid sol-gel glass as an end structure. Comparing with the direct UV fabrication in the photosensitive sol-gel glass, the proposed method provides a unique advantage in terms of fabrication freedom in shape and thickness of micro-optical elements in the sol-gel glass. This eliminates the difficulties in direct photolithography in sol-gel glass for arbitrary shapes and great thickness due to ever increasing demands.
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42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer
42.70.Ce Glasses, quartz

An antenna-coupled bolometer with an integrated microstrip bandpass filter

Michael J. Myers, William Holzapfel, Adrian T. Lee, Roger O’Brient, P. L. Richards, Huan T. Tran, Peter Ade, Greg Engargiola, Andy Smith, and Helmuth Spieler

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 114103 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1879115 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 8 March 2005

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We describe the fabrication and testing of antenna-coupled superconducting transition-edge bolometers for use at millimeter wavelengths. The design uses a double-slot dipole antenna connected to superconducting niobium microstrip. Band defining filters are implemented in the microstrip, which is then terminated with a load resistor. The power dissipated in the load resistor is measured by a superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES). The load resistor and TES are thermally well connected and are supported by a silicon nitride substrate. The substrate is suspended by four narrow silicon nitride legs for thermal isolation. The bolometers have been optically characterized and the spectral response is presented. This detector is a prototype element for use in an array designed for studies of the cosmic microwave background polarization.
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07.57.Kp Bolometers; infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave receivers and detectors
85.25.Pb Superconducting infrared, submillimeter and millimeter wave detectors
84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines
84.30.Vn Filters
84.40.Ba Antennas: theory, components and accessories

Laser-induced forward transfer of TiO2–Au nanocomposite films for maskless patterning

H. Sakata, S. Chakraborty, E. Yokoyama, M. Wakaki, and D. Chakravorty

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 114104 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1879092 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 8 March 2005

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Laser-induced forward transfer is investigated for maskless pattering of thin films. A 89TiO2–11Au (mol %) nanocomposite polycrystalline (100 nm thick) film fabricated by a sol-gel method shows a surface plasmon absorption produced by Au nanoclusters formed in the film. A second-harmonic generation sheet beam of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was irradiated on the film in air in contact with another glass substrate or with a 0.14 mm air gap. Regular stripe patterns of laser-induced transferred films were obtained. Transmittance spectra of laser-induced transferred films showed shifts of the surface plasmon absorption peak. Analysis of the spectra using the Mie scattering model revealed the porous character of transferred films.
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42.62.-b Laser applications
81.16.Rf Micro- and nanoscale pattern formation
61.82.Rx Nanocrystalline materials
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
79.20.Ds Laser-beam impact phenomena
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
73.22.Lp Collective excitations
78.68.+m Optical properties of surfaces

Water-driven programmable polyurethane shape memory polymer: Demonstration and mechanism

W. M. Huang, B. Yang, L. An, C. Li, and Y. S. Chan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 114105 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1880448 (3 pages) | Cited 83 times

Online Publication Date: 8 March 2005

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We demonstrate the new features of a polyurethane shape memory polymer: water-driven actuation and recovery in sequence (i.e., programmable). Hydrogen bonding is identified as the reason behind these features. In addition, the absorbed water is quantitatively separated into two parts, namely, the free water and bound water. Their individual contribution on the glass transition temperature is identified.
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81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural fibers; organometallic and organic materials
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
64.70.P- Glass transitions of specific systems
64.70.Q- Theory and modeling of the glass transition
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity

Experimental evidence of a two-step reversible absorption/desorption process in ruthenium phtalocyanine gas sensing films by in situ energy dispersive x-ray reflectometry

A. Generosi, B. Paci, V. Rossi Albertini, P. Perfetti, G. Pennesi, A. M. Paoletti, G. Rossi, A. Capobianchi, and R. Caminiti

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 114106 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1874311 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 9 March 2005

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An in situ energy dispersive x-ray reflectivity technique was used to study the morphological changes of gas sensing thin films of ruthenium phtalocyanine (RuPc)2 induced by gas absorption/desorption processes. The time-resolved collection of reflectivity spectra during the exposure of each film to a gas flux of nitrogen oxides provided the evolution of the morphological parameters (thickness and roughness). The gas absorption process develops in two stages: The first induces morphological changes characteristic of a surface (adsorption) process, while the second is dominated by a bulk effect. This two-step behavior is also observed in the desorption process: When the thermal treatment is performed at 130 °C, the gas is released from the bulk only. Conversely, at higher temperatures, the gas is fully released, i.e., also from the surface, and the initial film thickness is regained. Finally, a further in situ study upon a second absorption treatment was carried out: In this case, only the film bulk diffusion process takes place.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
68.43.Mn Adsorption kinetics
82.80.Ej X-ray, Mössbauer, and other γ-ray spectroscopic analysis methods
78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds
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