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21 Mar 2005

Volume 86, Issue 12, Articles (12xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 123102 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1885187 (3 pages)

Jong H. Na, Robert A. Taylor, James H. Rice, James W. Robinson, Kwan H. Lee, Young S. Park, Chang M. Park, and Tae W. Kang
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Magnetoelectric CoFe2O4–Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 composite thin films derived by a sol-gel process

J. G. Wan, X. W. Wang, Y. J. Wu, M. Zeng, Y. Wang, H. Jiang, W. Q. Zhou, G. H. Wang, and J.-M. Liu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 122501 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1889237 (3 pages) | Cited 111 times

Online Publication Date: 15 March 2005

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Magnetoelectric (ME) CoFe2O4–Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 composite thin films have been prepared by a sol-gel process and spin-coating technique. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy reveal that there exists local aggregation or phase separation of the CoFe2O4 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 phases in the films. Vibrating sample magnetometer, ferroelectric test unit, and magnetoelectric measuring device were used to characterize the magnetic and ferroelectric properties, as well as the ME effect of the films. It is shown that the films exhibit both good magnetic and ferroelectric properties, as well as a ME effect. A high initial magnetoelectric voltage coefficient for the film is observed. The ME effect of the film strongly depends on the magnetic bias and magnetic field frequency.
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75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
77.84.Lf Composite materials
75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
75.80.+q Magnetomechanical effects, magnetostriction
77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
81.15.Lm Liquid phase epitaxy; deposition from liquid phases (melts, solutions, and surface layers on liquids)
68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
68.35.B- Structure of clean surfaces (and surface reconstruction)
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
64.75.-g Phase equilibria
68.37.Hk Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (including EBIC)

Universal behavior of giant electroresistance in epitaxial La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 thin films

Y. G. Zhao, Y. H. Wang, G. M. Zhang, B. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, C. X. Yang, P. L. Lang, M. H. Zhu, and P. C. Guan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 122502 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1889241 (3 pages) | Cited 35 times

Online Publication Date: 15 March 2005

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We report a giant resistance drop induced by dc electrical currents in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 epitaxial thin films. Resistance of the patterned thin films decreases exponentially with increasing current and a maximum drop shows at the temperature of resistance peak Tp. Variation of resistance with current densities can be scaled below and above Tp, respectively. This work can be useful for the future applications of electroresistance.
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75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
75.47.De Giant magnetoresistance
75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
73.50.Jt Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects (including thermomagnetic effects)

Self-planarizing process for the fabrication of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox stacks

H. Ishida, K. Okanoue, K. Hamasaki, H. Shimakage, and Z. Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 122503 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1875764 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 15 March 2005

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We developed a new fabrication process for stacked intrinsic Josephson junctions using Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi-2212) single crystals. For the fabrication of self-planarized stacks, the Bi-2212 around the stack was changed into an insulator by dipping it in a solution of dilute hydrochloric acid. For the solution concentration <0.2%, the planarization of the stack was fully achieved. For the concentration >0.5%, however, the planarization was spoiled. The current-voltage characteristic of the stacks showed distinct resistive branches with large hysteresis at 77 K. The number of intrinsic junctions in the stacks linearly decreased with decreasing the concentration of the solution in the range from 0.05% to 0.2 %. The good controllability of the number of junctions in the self-planarized stacks may be useful for electronic device applications.
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74.72.-h Cuprate superconductors
85.25.Cp Josephson devices
74.50.+r Tunneling phenomena; Josephson effects
81.05.Je Ceramics and refractories (including borides, carbides, hydrides, nitrides, oxides, and silicides)
81.10.Dn Growth from solutions
81.65.-b Surface treatments
68.35.B- Structure of clean surfaces (and surface reconstruction)

Influence of exchange bias coupling on the single-crystalline FeMn ultrathin film

J. Wang, W. Kuch, L. I. Chelaru, F. Offi, and M. Kotsugi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 122504 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1883318 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 15 March 2005

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Polarization dependent x-ray photoemission electron microscopy was used to investigate the influence of the exchange bias coupling on the disordered ultrathin single-crystalline fcc Fe50Mn50. We find that the critical thickness of the FeMn film, where the antiferromagnetic (AF) order is formed, varies with changing the magnetization direction of the ferromagnetic (FM) layer from out-of-plane to in-plane. Surface magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements (SMOKE) further manifest the shift of the critical thickness with alternating the exchange bias coupling. It indicates that the spin structure of the FeMn layer near the FM layer is modified by the presence of exchange bias coupling and the properties of the coupling. Our results provide direct experimental evidence that the AF spin structure at the interface between the FM and AF layers is strongly influenced by the exchange bias coupling.
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75.50.Cc Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys
75.50.Ee Antiferromagnetics
75.70.Cn Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures)
78.20.Ls Magneto-optical effects
75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange interactions
75.25.-j Spin arrangements in magnetically ordered materials (including neutron and spin-polarized electron studies, synchrotron-source x-ray scattering, etc.)
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.70.Kw Domain structure (including magnetic bubbles and vortices)
75.70.Rf Surface magnetism
68.37.Xy Scanning Auger microscopy, photoelectron microscopy

Spin-polarized quasiparticles injection in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3/Nb heterostructure devices

L. Fratila, I. Maurin, C. Dubourdieu, and J. C. Villégier

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 122505 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1886258 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 15 March 2005

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We report the effect of spin-polarized quasiparticle injection from a ferromagnetic manganite into a conventional Nb superconductor in a La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3/Nb heterostructure. A 8-terminal stacked trilayer geometry was used, where the injected current Iinj enters a superconducting microbridge and leaves it symmetrically by tunneling through a SrTiO3 barrier. A high dynamic gain G = −dIc/dIinj was observed from 1.7 up to 8.5 K, where Ic is the microbridge critical current. For a dc injection current, G was measured to be 290 at 1.7 K. A SrTiO3 barrier of thickness in the range 3.5–8.5 nm was found to provide a suitable spin injection length of the order of the bridge length and a low Joule heating level. In this confined stacked device geometry it was found that Joule dissipation in the manganite and barrier does not contribute significantly to the suppression of Ic, in contrast with previous studies.
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85.25.Cp Josephson devices
74.50.+r Tunneling phenomena; Josephson effects
85.75.-d Magnetoelectronics; spintronics: devices exploiting spin polarized transport or integrated magnetic fields
74.78.Fk Multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures
75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
74.25.Sv Critical currents
72.25.Mk Spin transport through interfaces
75.47.Gk Colossal magnetoresistance

Effect of Zr on the crystallographic texture of precipitation-hardened Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)7 ribbons

Chuan-bing Rong, Hong-wei Zhang, Shu-li He, Ren-jie Chen, and Bao-gen Shen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 122506 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1888038 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 15 March 2005

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Sm(CobalFe0.1Cu0.1Zrw)7 (w = 0.01−0.09) ribbons have been prepared by conventional melt spinning followed by precipitation hardening. The Zr addition can suppress the nucleation of solidification and increase the velocity of grain growth. This leads to the increase of texture degree of the ribbons with increasing Zr content. The crystallographic texture is still preserved in ribbons after the precipitation hardening. The remanence ratio of the heat-treated ribbons increases from 0.7 for w = 0.01 to 0.9 for w = 0.08. An energy product of about 10 MGOe has been obtained in the ribbon with w = 0.03. The angular dependence of coercivity suggests that the magnetization reversal of the precipitation-hardened ribbons is controlled by both domain-wall pinning and nucleation mechanism.
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75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys
81.40.Ef Cold working, work hardening; annealing, post-deformation annealing, quenching, tempering recovery, and crystallization
81.05.Bx Metals, semimetals, and alloys
81.40.Rs Electrical and magnetic properties related to treatment conditions
81.40.Cd Solid solution hardening, precipitation hardening, and dispersion hardening; aging
81.10.Dn Growth from solutions
81.10.Fq Growth from melts; zone melting and refining
81.15.Lm Liquid phase epitaxy; deposition from liquid phases (melts, solutions, and surface layers on liquids)
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.60.Jk Magnetization reversal mechanisms
75.60.Ch Domain walls and domain structure
75.30.Gw Magnetic anisotropy

Microstructure and exchange coupling in nanocrystalline Nd2(FeCo)14B/α‐FeCo particles produced by spark erosion

Y. J. Tang, F. T. Parker, H. Harper, A. E. Berkowitz, K. Vecchio, A. Rohatgi, and Bao-Min Ma

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 122507 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1890474 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 17 March 2005

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Exchange spring magnet particles of Nd2(FeCo)14B/α‐FeCo were prepared by spark erosion. X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer studies showed that the particles are composed of about ∼ 85 vol % of Nd2(FeCo)14B and ∼ 13 vol % of α‐FeCo with negligible other phases. No oxide was found in these particles. Transmission electron micrographs indicated that the grain sizes of the Nd2(FeCo)14B and α‐FeCo phases are ∼ 10–50 nm, and are compatible with effective exchange coupling between the hard and soft phases. The intergrain exchange coupling was also observed in ΔM measurements.
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75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys
75.50.Ww Permanent magnets
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
75.70.Cn Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures)
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange interactions
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.75.-c Magnetic properties of nanostructures
75.50.Vv High coercivity materials
76.80.+y Mössbauer effect; other γ-ray spectroscopy
68.37.Lp Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Formation of nanosized BaIrO3 precipitates and their contribution to flux pinning in Ir-doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ quasi-multilayers

J. Hänisch, C. Cai, R. Hühne, L. Schultz, and B. Holzapfel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 122508 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1894599 (3 pages) | Cited 50 times

Online Publication Date: 17 March 2005

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Structural and transport measurements for quasimultilayers of Ir-doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ prepared by pulsed-laser deposition are presented. Due to metallic Ir doping, BaIrO3 particles form during film growth. These nanosized particles, having a perovskite structure, grow epitaxially in cube-on-cube relationship inside the film. A strong increase in pinning force density and, hence, Jc was found.
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74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures
74.78.Na Mesoscopic and nanoscale systems
74.72.-h Cuprate superconductors
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
81.15.Fg Pulsed laser ablation deposition
74.25.Uv Vortex phases (includes vortex lattices, vortex liquids, and vortex glasses)
74.25.Sv Critical currents
74.10.+v Occurrence, potential candidates
64.75.-g Phase equilibria

Sm(Co,Cu)5/Fe exchange spring multilayer films with high energy product

J. Zhang, Y. K. Takahashi, R. Gopalan, and K. Hono

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 122509 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1889238 (3 pages) | Cited 55 times

Online Publication Date: 18 March 2005

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The [Sm(Co,Cu)5/Fe]6 multilayer film that was fabricated by annealing Cr[a-(Sm-Co)(9 nm)/Cu(x nm)/Fe(5 nm)/Cu(x nm)]6/Cr(x = 0–0.75) multilayer has shown good in-plane texture and a high maximum energy product (BH)max of 32 MGOe with a coercivity of 7.24 kOe. The addition of the Cu layer between the a-d-SM-Co6 and Fe layers with optimum thickness increases the coercivity significantly, thereby improving the maximum energy product. The single-phase behavior and the irreversible rotation in the demagnetization process indicates strong exchange coupling between the Sm(Co,Cu)5 and Fe layers.
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75.50.Cc Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys
75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys
75.70.Cn Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures)
75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange interactions
75.50.Kj Amorphous and quasicrystalline magnetic materials
75.50.Vv High coercivity materials
75.50.Ww Permanent magnets
75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments
81.40.Ef Cold working, work hardening; annealing, post-deformation annealing, quenching, tempering recovery, and crystallization
68.65.Ac Multilayers

Magnetism in BN nanotubes induced by carbon doping

R. Q. Wu, L. Liu, G. W. Peng, and Y. P. Feng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 122510 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1890477 (3 pages) | Cited 70 times

Online Publication Date: 18 March 2005

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We performed ab initio calculation on the pristine and carbon-doped (5,5) and (9,0) BN nanotubes. It was found that carbon substitution for either a single boron or a single nitrogen atom in the BN nanotubes can induce spontaneous magnetization. Calculations based on density functional theory with the local spin density approximation on the electronic band structure revealed a spin polarized, dispersionless band near the Fermi energy. The magnetization can be attributed to the carbon 2p electron. Compared to other theoretical models of light-element or metal-free magnetic materials, the carbon-doped BN nanotubes are more experimentally accessible and can be potentially useful.
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75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
75.75.-c Magnetic properties of nanostructures
75.30.Cr Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities
71.15.Mb Density functional theory, local density approximation, gradient and other corrections
73.22.-f Electronic structure of nanoscale materials and related systems
73.20.At Surface states, band structure, electron density of states

Photoinduced phase transition in an iron(II) spin-crossover complex with a N3O2 macrocyclic ligand

Hongwu Liu, Akira Fujishima, and Osamu Sato

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 122511 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1890478 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 18 March 2005

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We report a high-efficiency photoinduced phase transition in a spin-crossover complex [FeL(CN)2]∙H2O (where L is a N3O2 Schiff-base macrocyclic ligand). A single-shot laser pulse (8 ns duration) is applied to induce the phase transformation, exhibiting molecular-structural, chromatic, and magnetic changes inside a thermal hysteresis loop (216 K). The condensation of long lifetime photoexcited high-spin sites accounts for the cooperative photoexcitation process.
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75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.90.+w Other topics in magnetic properties and materials (restricted to new topics in section 75)
75.30.Wx Spin crossover
75.60.Nt Magnetic annealing and temperature-hysteresis effects
75.30.Cr Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities
75.40.Gb Dynamic properties (dynamic susceptibility, spin waves, spin diffusion, dynamic scaling, etc.)
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