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18 Apr 2005

Volume 86, Issue 16, Articles (16xxxx)

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Ordering of self-assembled nanobiominerals in correlation to mechanical properties of hard tissues

Huaidong Jiang, Xiang-Yang Liu, Chwee T. Lim, and Chin Y. Hsu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 163901 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1906295 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 13 April 2005

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Biominerals in the hard tissues of many organisms exhibit superior mechanical properties due to their unique hierarchical nanostructures. In this article, we show the microstructure of human tooth enamel examined by position-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy. It is found that the degree of ordering of the biominerals varies strikingly within the dental sample. Combined with nanoindentation, our results show that both the hardness and the elastic modulus increase predominantly with the ordering of the biomineral crystallites. This can be attributed to the fact that the ordered structure helps sustain a more complex mechanical stress.
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87.19.R- Mechanical and electrical properties of tissues and organs
87.64.Bx Electron, neutron and x-ray diffraction and scattering
87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)

Femtosecond laser microprinting of biomaterials

I. Zergioti, A. Karaiskou, D. G. Papazoglou, C. Fotakis, M. Kapsetaki, and D. Kafetzopoulos

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 163902 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1906325 (3 pages) | Cited 29 times

Online Publication Date: 15 April 2005

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This Letter demonstrates a laser rapid prototyping method that can be used for fabricating high-density resolution patterns of biomaterials. Ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulses have been used for directly printing a wide range of biomaterials in complicated patterns and structures. The ultrashort laser pulses reduce the thermal effects, thus allowing the effective deposition of sensitive biomaterials at high spatial resolution for microfabricating patterns. We present the microprinting of different biomaterial patterns, such as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and proteins, with spatial resolution down to 50 μm and we demonstrate that they maintain their properties and biological functions and, thus, can be practically used as biosensors.
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42.62.Be Biological and medical applications
87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
87.14.G- Nucleic acids
87.14.E- Proteins
87.15.-v Biomolecules: structure and physical properties
81.16.Rf Micro- and nanoscale pattern formation
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