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Applied Physics Letters / Volume 86 / Issue 22 / MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 222503 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1944209 (3 pages)

Ferromagnetism in nanocrystalline epitaxial Co:TiO2 thin films

A. K. Pradhan1, D. Hunter1, J. B. Dadson1, T. M. Williams1, Kai Zhang1, K. Lord1, B. Lasley1, R. R. Rakhimov1, Jun Zhang2, D. J. Sellmyer2, U. N. Roy3, Y. Cui3, A. Burger3, C. Hopkins4, N. Pearson4, and A. L. Wilkerson4

1Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University, 700 Park Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23504
2Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Materials Research and Analysis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0113
3Department of Physics, Fisk University, 1000, 17 Avenue North, Nashville, Tennessee 37208
4College of William and Mary, Applied Research Center, 12050 Jefferson Ave. Suite 713, Newport News, Virgina 23606

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(Received 21 February 2005; accepted 28 April 2005; published online 25 May 2005)

We report on the observation of remarkable room-temperature ferromagnetism in nanocrystalline epitaxial Co:TiO2 films grown on sapphire (0001) substrates by a pulsed-laser deposition technique using high-density targets. The films were characterized by x-ray measurements, atomic force microscopy, micro-Raman, electron-paramagnetic resonance, and magnetization studies. The films exhibit three-dimensional islandlike growth that contains nanocrystalline particles. Our experimental results suggest that the remarkable ferromagnetism in Co:TiO2 films is controlled either by the interstitial Co2+ ions or small clusters, which are mainly present at the interface and on the surface of the films. Our work clearly indicates that Co interstitials and nanoclusters cause room-temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped TiO2.

© 2005 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

cobalt, titanium compounds, magnetic epitaxial layers, semimagnetic semiconductors, pulsed laser deposition, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectra, paramagnetic resonance, magnetisation, interstitials, ferromagnetic materials, nanoparticles, ferromagnetic resonance, magnetic particles

PACS

  • 75.50.Dd

    Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials

  • 75.50.Pp

    Magnetic semiconductors

  • 75.70.Ak

    Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films

  • 75.50.Tt

    Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials

  • 76.50.+g

    Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic resonances; spin-wave resonance

  • 75.60.Ej

    Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects

  • 76.30.-v

    Electron paramagnetic resonance and relaxation

  • 61.72.J-

    Point defects and defect clusters

  • 68.55.A-

    Nucleation and growth

  • 68.55.-a

    Thin film structure and morphology

  • 81.15.Fg

    Pulsed laser ablation deposition

  • 78.30.Hv

    Other nonmetallic inorganics

  • 78.66.Li

    Other semiconductors

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1944209

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0003-6951 (print)  
1077-3118 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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    References

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