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3 Oct 2005

Volume 87, Issue 14, Articles (14xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 143902 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2077839 (3 pages)

Kaustubh D. Bhalerao, Edward Eteshola, Matthew Keener, and Stephen C. Lee
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Dielectric dispersion of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics at high temperatures

J. L. Zhang, P. Zheng, C. L. Wang, M. L. Zhao, J. C. Li, and J. F. Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 142901 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2077864 (3 pages) | Cited 68 times

Online Publication Date: 27 September 2005

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CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics has been prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method under different sintering conditions. Dielectric properties have been investigated in the temperature range of 25–350 °C within the frequency range of 40 Hz–10 MHz. It has been found that both the dielectric constants and the grain sizes increase with the sintering time. A relaxation has been observed in the frequency range of 100 Hz–100 kHz, apart from the one already known in the frequency range higher than 100 kHz. High-temperature dielectric dispersion shows one large low-frequency response and two Debye-type relaxations. Activation energy values of these two relaxations are 0.084 and 0.678 eV, respectively. An equivalent circuit model is suggested, which well explains the dielectric dispersion.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
81.05.Je Ceramics and refractories (including borides, carbides, hydrides, nitrides, oxides, and silicides)
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)

Gold-particle-mediated detection of ferroelectric domains on the nanometer scale

Thomas Härtling and Lukas M. Eng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 142902 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2048825 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 27 September 2005

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We report on an unique optical method which facilitates detection of ferroelectric (FE) domain orientation on the subwavelength scale. The FE material of interest is decorated with Au nanoparticles of 100 nm diameter and then completely covered with a thin film of birefringent liquid-crystal (LC) molecules. The latter align to the FE surface in accordance to the domain-specific electric stray field, which causes a characteristic spatial orientation of the dielectric tensor mathm of the LC layer. As their spectral response strongly depends on the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium, the embedded Au particles are used as nanoscale optical antennas revealing either an intensity, a polarization, or a spectral contrast. This technique provides an ultrafast optical read-out mechanism for detecting antiparallel oriented FE domains with subwavelength resolution.
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77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
78.47.-p Spectroscopy of solid state dynamics

Stabilization effect in ferroelectric materials during aging in ferroelectric state

Dazhi Sun, Xiaobing Ren, and Kazuhiro Otsuka

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 142903 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2084343 (3 pages) | Cited 24 times

Online Publication Date: 29 September 2005

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We report that aging in ferroelectric state results in an increase of reverse transition temperature Tf in both BaTiO3 single crystal and Pb0.84La0.16Ti0.96O3 polycrystal. This indicates that the ferroelectric phase is gradually stabilized during aging below Curie temperature. The evolution of the stabilization with aging time in these two different systems obeys the same kinetic function, but with different relaxation time. This indicates that the stabilization effect of the two systems stems from a common origin. We suggest that the stabilization is due to a short-range ordering of point defects, driven by a symmetry-conforming tendency of point defects.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.80.B- Phase transitions and Curie point
81.40.Cd Solid solution hardening, precipitation hardening, and dispersion hardening; aging
61.72.J- Point defects and defect clusters

Integration of ferroelectric lead titanate nanoislands for direct hysteresis measurements

S. Clemens, T. Schneller, R. Waser, A. Rüdiger, F. Peter, S. Kronholz, T. Schmitz, and S. Tiedke

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 142904 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2084322 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 29 September 2005

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We report on the integration of fully functional ferroelectric PbTiO3 nanostructures of typically less than 100 nm lateral extension into a low-k dielectric hydrogen silsesquioxane film. Chemical mechanical polishing of the dielectric layer down to an overall thickness below the nanoparticles height exposes the structures. After confirmation of the piezoelectricity of individual embedded grains, gold electrode pads are deposited to characterize several of these grains in parallel. Evidence of ferroelectric switching is observed and discussed within an equivalent circuit model. This paves the way to a better integration and statistical analysis of ferroelectric nanostructures.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.80.Fm Switching phenomena
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
77.65.-j Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects
81.65.Ps Polishing, grinding, surface finishing

Ferroelectric (Pb,Sr)TiO3 epitaxial thin films on (001) MgO for room temperature high-frequency tunable microwave elements

S. W. Liu, J. Weaver, Z. Yuan, W. Donner, C. L. Chen, J. C. Jiang, E. I. Meletis, W. Chang, S. W. Kirchoefer, J. Horwitz, and A. Bhalla

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 142905 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2081131 (3 pages) | Cited 22 times

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2005

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Ferroelectric Pb0.35Sr0.65TiO3 (PSTO) thin films were grown on (001) MgO by using pulsed laser deposition. Microstructure studies from x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy indicate that the as-grown PSTO films have excellent single crystal quality and good epitaxial behavior with their c-axis oriented perpendicular to the plane of the films. The interface relationships between the PSTO films and MgO were determined to be [100]PSTO//[100]MgO and (001)PSTO//(001)MgO. The high frequency dielectric property measurements (up to 20 GHz) reveal that the as-grown films have a high dielectric constant value above 1420 and very large dielectric tunability above 34% at room temperature. These results suggest that the as-grown PSTO thin films on MgO are a good candidate for developing room-temperature high-frequency tunable microwave elements.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
68.37.-d Microscopy of surfaces, interfaces, and thin films

Dielectric relaxation properties of perovskite-pyrochlore biphase ceramics

Yu-Jen Hsiao, Yen-Hwei Chang, Te-Hua Fang, and Yee-Shin Chang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 142906 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2084328 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2005

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The structure and dielectric relaxation properties of (1−x)NaNbO3-xBiCrO3 (0.1 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.5) composite ceramics with perovskite-pyrochlore biphase were studied. The coexistence of cubic perovskite and a cubic pyrochlore structure was characterized. A lack of mutual solubility between the two phases was observed. Biphase ceramics with x = 0.3 exhibited dielectric relaxation behavior with a diffuse-like phase transition. Pyrochlore-rich biphase ceramics with x = 0.4 exhibit dielectric relaxor-like behavior. The biphase ceramics have high dielectric constants, because of the reorientation of the dipoles and the formation of barrier layers at the grain boundaries.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.84.Lf Composite materials
77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
77.22.Gm Dielectric loss and relaxation
61.66.Fn Inorganic compounds
81.30.Hd Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder
64.70.K- Solid-solid transitions
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
61.72.Mm Grain and twin boundaries
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