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4 Jul 2005

Volume 87, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 013110 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1977187 (3 pages)

R. C. Wang, C. P. Liu, J. L. Huang, S.-J. Chen, Y.-K. Tseng, and S.-C. Kung
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Collision of viscoelastic jets and the formation of fluid webs

Erik Miller, Beau Gibson, Erik McWilliams, and Jonathan P. Rothstein

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 014101 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1984099 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 27 June 2005

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This letter reports experimental observations of the flow kinematics and stability of thin fluid sheets produced by impinging obliquely aligned laminar jets of a series of viscoelastic worm-like micelle solutions. As the velocity of the impinging jets is increased, the sheets of viscoelastic fluid grow larger and eventually become unstable. High speed imaging reveals a transition to a striking new flow structure resembling fluid webs, previously unobserved for Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids. These newly discovered flow structures are complex and comprised of highly interconnected filaments created by the growth of multiple internal failures within the fluid sheet. Increasing viscoelasticity of the test fluid was found to stabilize the sheets and the fluid webs while increasing the drop size produced by their eventual breakup under capillary stresses.
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47.27.wg Turbulent jets
47.50.-d Non-Newtonian fluid flows
47.55.Kf Particle-laden flows
47.54.-r Pattern selection; pattern formation
47.20.-k Flow instabilities
47.55.D- Drops and bubbles
83.80.Qr Surfactant and micellar systems, associated polymers
83.60.Wc Flow instabilities

High-temperature self-circulating thermoacoustic heat exchanger

S. Backhaus, G. W. Swift, and R. S. Reid

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 014102 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1988981 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 27 June 2005

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Thermoacoustic and Stirling engines and refrigerators use heat exchangers to transfer heat between the oscillating flow of their thermodynamic working fluids and external heat sources and sinks. An acoustically driven heat-exchange loop uses an engine’s own pressure oscillations to steadily circulate its own thermodynamic working fluid through a physically remote high-temperature heat source without using moving parts, allowing for a significant reduction in the cost and complexity of thermoacoustic and Stirling heat exchangers. The simplicity and flexibility of such heat-exchanger loops will allow thermoacoustic and Stirling machines to access diverse heat sources and sinks. Measurements of the temperatures at the interface between such a heat-exchange loop and the hot end of a thermoacoustic-Stirling engine are presented. When the steady flow is too small to flush out the mixing chamber in one acoustic cycle, the heat transfer to the regenerator is excellent, with important implications for practical use.
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07.20.Pe Heat engines; heat pumps; heat pipes
07.20.Ka High-temperature instrumentation; pyrometers
43.35.Ud

Pneumatic capillary gun for ballistic delivery of microparticles

Dmitry Rinberg, Claire Simonnet, and Alex Groisman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 014103 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1951044 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 29 June 2005

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A pneumatic gun for ballistic delivery of microparticles to soft targets is proposed and demonstrated. The particles are accelerated by a high-speed flow of helium in a capillary tube. Vacuum suction applied to a concentric larger diameter tube is used to divert substantially all of the flow of helium from the gun nozzle, thereby preventing the gas from hitting and damaging the target. Speed of ejection of micron-sized gold particles from the gun nozzle, and their depth of penetration into agarose gels are reported.
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87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
87.85.Qr Nanotechnologies-design
87.85.Rs Nanotechnologies-applications

Pulse duration dependence of femtosecond-laser-fabricated nanogratings in fused silica

C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, P. P. Rajeev, E. Simova, V. R. Bhardwaj, D. M. Rayner, and P. B. Corkum

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 014104 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1991991 (3 pages) | Cited 46 times

Online Publication Date: 29 June 2005

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Femtosecond laser radiation tightly focused in bulk fused silica is used to generate self-ordered nanogratings when the sample is translated under the lens at constant speed. The nanogratings are preserved over a length scale of millimeters. We demonstrate that nanogratings are formed for all pulse durations tested, ranging from 40 to 500 fs, and that the pulse energy threshold for this phenomenon increases with decreasing pulse duration. We use high spatial resolution diagnostics based upon selective chemical etching followed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to reveal the morphology of the nanogratings.
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42.79.Dj Gratings
42.62.-b Laser applications
42.86.+b Optical workshop techniques
81.16.Dn Self-assembly
78.47.-p Spectroscopy of solid state dynamics
81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning
68.37.Ps Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
68.37.Hk Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (including EBIC)
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