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12 Dec 2005

Volume 87, Issue 24, Articles (24xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 243101 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2147713 (3 pages)

Y.-S. Choi, K. Hennessy, R. Sharma, E. Haberer, Y. Gao, S. P. DenBaars, S. Nakamura, E. L. Hu, and C. Meier
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Fields analysis of enhanced charge collection in nanoscale grated photo detectors

Nakka S. Kranthi, M. O. Nizam, Phumin Kirawanich, Naz E. Islam, A. K. Sharma, and S. L. Lucero

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 244101 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2143137 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 6 December 2005

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Electromagnetic energy transmitted through the gratings in the active region of a metal-semiconductor-metal detector was analyzed to account for enhanced collection efficiency. This study shows that a wall-like grating on the surface of the active region results in enhanced transmission of electromagnetic energy, which contributes to greater carrier production and higher collection efficiency. Analyses also show that the collection efficiency can be further improved with square gratings on the surface of the active region. A maximum in collection efficiency is achieved when the square gratings cover about 65.5% of the active region surface.
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85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
73.40.Sx Metal-semiconductor-metal structures
42.79.Dj Gratings

Complexation of pyrrolidinofullerenes and zinc-phthalocyanine in a bilayer organic solar cell structure

Robert Koeppe, N. Serdar Sariciftci, Pavel A. Troshin, and Rimma N. Lyubovskaya

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 244102 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2146070 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 6 December 2005

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Bilayer organic solar cells were prepared using zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and a novel, highly soluble pyrollidinofullerene bearing three chelating pyridyl groups (PyF). The formation of supramolecular complexes between the two compounds is indicated by a significantly increased solubility of ZnPc in dichloromethane upon addition of the PyF. Spin-coating a film of PyF on a vacuum-evaporated film of ZnPc results in a solar cell yielding short circuit current (Isc) densities of 3 mA/cm2 and open-circuit voltages (Voc) of about 0.4 V under 100 mW/cm2 simulated AM1.5 illumination. Solar cells prepared by substituting the PyF with a fullerene derivative forming no complexes with ZnPc show significantly lower photovoltaic conversion efficiencies.
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84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
81.05.ub Fullerenes and related materials
81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural fibers; organometallic and organic materials
73.50.Pz Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
73.61.Wp Fullerenes and related materials
73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds
68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
64.75.-g Phase equilibria
81.15.Lm Liquid phase epitaxy; deposition from liquid phases (melts, solutions, and surface layers on liquids)
81.15.-z Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy
82.30.Hk Chemical exchanges (substitution, atom transfer, abstraction, disproportionation, and group exchange)
82.30.Nr Association, addition, insertion, cluster formation

Dielectric characterization of [Fe(NH2−trz)3]Br2•H2O thermal spin crossover compound by terahertz time domain spectroscopy

P. Mounaix, N. Lascoux, J. Degert, E. Freysz, A. Kobayashi, N. Daro, and J.-F. Létard

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 244103 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2143123 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 8 December 2005

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The complex optical index refraction of an iron (II) spin-crossover coordination polymer is measured in the Terahertz frequency range by Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). By scanning the temperature from 288 to 333 K, we have recorded the evolution of the THz spectrum within the low spin - high spin thermal hysteresis loop. We were able to simultaneously infer the refractive index and absorption variations. The low spin-high spin transition has a marked spectral signature in the millimeter wavelength. In the 0.1–0.6 THz frequency range, the variation of real and imaginary part of the index of refraction is 6% and 20%, respectively. A marked absorption is observed above 500 GHz. The THz-TDS provides a clear direct fingerprint of this class of materials, which are interestingly potential candidates for optical data storage and processing devices.
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78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
78.47.-p Spectroscopy of solid state dynamics
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
75.30.Wx Spin crossover

Deformation of single emulsion drops covered with a viscoelastic adsorbed protein layer in simple shear flow

Philipp Erni, Peter Fischer, and Erich J. Windhab

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 244104 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2146068 (3 pages) | Cited 22 times

Online Publication Date: 8 December 2005

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The small-deformation behavior of single Newtonian oil drops covered by an adsorbed viscoelastic protein layer is investigated in simple shear flow. Adsorption and network formation of the protein (lysozyme) at the oil/water interface are tracked by interfacial rheology and tension. While uncovered drops deform to the expected steady ellipsoidal shape, protein-covered drops are able to resist the bulk shear stress to a much higher degree, leading to a smaller average deformation and oscillating drop shapes. The results show direct evidence for a commanding role of in-plane interfacial stresses of a viscoelastic protein network on the macroscopic drop deformation as opposed to the equilibrium interfacial tension.
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82.70.Kj Emulsions and suspensions
83.80.Iz Emulsions and foams
68.03.Cd Surface tension and related phenomena

Electrokinetic interactions in microscale cross-slot flow

Yi-Je Juang, Xin Hu, Shengnian Wang, L. James Lee, Chunmeng Lu, and Jingjiao Guan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 244105 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2130524 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2005

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The effects of electroosmosis (EO) and electrophoresis (EP) interactions on the movement of highly charged polystyrene microspheres and lesser-charged liposome nanoparticles were studied, using a microscale cross-slot flow device with different charge density and polarity on the channel surfaces. When the particle EP mobility is greater than the channel surface EO mobility, the flow pattern would be either extensional or extension dominated mixed-shear. The rotation flow only exists when the EO mobility dominates. The surface charge density of top and bottom lids of microchannels plays an important role in microfluidics. Experimental observations agreed fairly well with calculated flow patterns.
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82.39.Wj Ion exchange, dialysis, osmosis, electro-osmosis, membrane processes
87.16.D- Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles
87.16.Uv Active transport processes
82.45.Tv Bioelectrochemistry
82.45.Wx Polymers and organic materials in electrochemistry
47.32.-y Vortex dynamics; rotating fluids
83.50.Ha Flow in channels
47.60.-i Flow phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional systems
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