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8 Aug 2005

Volume 87, Issue 6, Articles (06xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 061103 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2008357 (3 pages)

Y. C. Zhong, S. A. Zhu, H. M. Su, H. Z. Wang, J. M. Chen, Z. H. Zeng, and Y. L. Chen
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Work function reduction of graphitic nanofibers by potassium intercalation

V. S. Robinson, T. S. Fisher, J. A. Michel, and C. M. Lukehart

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 061501 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2009052 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 3 August 2005

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Materials with low work functions hold great potential for improving the performance of thermionic energy converters and other thermionic emission devices. Thermionic electron energy distributions (TEEDs) of graphitic carbon nanofibers (GCNFs) with and without intercalated potassium are used to characterize performance under realistic operating conditions. TEEDs of intercalated GCNFs at temperatures of 600 and 700 °C reveal an effective work function of 2.2 eV, a reduction of 2.5 eV from the work function of the GCNF without intercalate. In addition, consistent with other published work, a narrowing of the electron energy spectrum’s width occurs with intercalation. This narrower energy distribution may indicate emission from hybridized carbon–potassium states.
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73.30.+y Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions
79.40.+z Thermionic emission
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials

Transition from diffuse to filamentary domain in a 9.5 GHz microwave-induced surface discharge

S. Popović, R. J. Exton, and G. C. Herring

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 061502 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2009068 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 3 August 2005

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The transition from the low-pressure diffuse to the high-pressure filamentary domain of a 9.5 GHz microwave-induced surface discharge in air is recorded. The discharge employs several half-wavelength initiators that locally enhance the electric field to achieve breakdown in the higher-pressure subcritical region. Visible light imaging illustrates the qualitative changes in discharge morphology over the pressure range 4.5 to 760 Torr (0.6 to 100 kPa).
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52.80.Pi High-frequency and RF discharges
52.70.Kz Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
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