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29 Aug 2005

Volume 87, Issue 9, Articles (09xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 093109 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2035332 (3 pages)

J. Noborisaka, J. Motohisa, S. Hara, and T. Fukui
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An efficient illumination system for liquid crystal displays incorporating an anisotropic hologram

C. Sánchez, M. J. Escuti, C. van Heesch, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, and D. J. Broer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 094101 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2031942 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 22 August 2005

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An anisotropic hologram is combined with an edge-lit planar waveguide to produce an improved liquid crystal display (LCD) backlight. A holographic-polymer dispersed liquid crystal material is exposed to a slanted one-dimensional interference pattern to produce an anisotropic Bragg transmission grating with strong diffraction for P-polarized light and very low diffraction for S-polarized light. While the hologram is recorded at a UV wavelength (351 nm), light at visible wavelengths propagating from the waveguide edge is redirected toward the normal direction. The emission is collimated, polarized, and unidirectional, effectively integrating several functions that are typically embodied in separate optical films in a conventional LCD.
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42.70.Df Liquid crystals
42.79.Kr Display devices, liquid-crystal devices
42.40.Eq Holographic optical elements; holographic gratings

Low-energy-channeling surface analysis on silicon crystals designed for high-energy-channeling in accelerators

S. Baricordi, V. M. Biryukov, A. Carnera, Yu. A. Chesnokov, G. Della Mea, V. Guidi, Yu. M. Ivanov, G. Martinelli, E. Milan, S. Restello, A. Sambo, W. Scandale, and A. Vomiero

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 094102 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2033127 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 23 August 2005

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Channeling of relativistic particles in bent Si crystals is a powerful technique for use with accelerators. Its efficiency can be found to be highly dependent on the state of the surface of the crystal steering the particles. We investigated the morphology and structure of the surface of the samples that have been used with high efficiency for channeling in accelerators. Low-energy channeling of 2 MeVα particles or protons was used as a probe. We found that mechanical treatment of the samples leads to a superficial damaged layer, which is correlated to efficiency limitations of the crystal in accelerators. In contrast, chemical etching, which was used to treat the surface of the most efficient crystals, leaves a surface with superior perfection.
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81.05.Cy Elemental semiconductors
61.85.+p Channeling phenomena (blocking, energy loss, etc.)
61.80.Jh Ion radiation effects
61.82.Fk Semiconductors
68.35.B- Structure of clean surfaces (and surface reconstruction)
81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning
68.47.Fg Semiconductor surfaces

Hildebrand solubility parameters measurement via sessile drops evaporation

Xiaohua Fang, Bingquan Li, Jonathan C. Sokolov, Miriam H. Rafailovich, and Dina Gewaily

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 094103 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2035881 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 23 August 2005

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A method for the measurement of Hildebrand solubility parameter has been developed. This method was based on the measurement of the sessile drop contact angle and contact base width during its evaporation. Experimental results showed that this method is accurate and insensitive to the measurement conditions. The major advantages of this method are that it is time efficient and requires a small amount of liquid (microliter) for the measurement.
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64.75.-g Phase equilibria
68.03.Cd Surface tension and related phenomena
68.03.Fg Evaporation and condensation of liquids

Controlled rotation of sound-trapped small particles by an acoustic needle

Junhui Hu, Chiaolin Tay, Yanmin Cai, and Jinlong Du

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 094104 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2034106 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 23 August 2005

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We show that an acoustic needle, mechanically driven by an ultrasonic transducer in air, can rotate sound-trapped small particles around its tip in water. The rotation is very stable when sound field around the tip is appropriate. For an acoustic needle at a given location in a sound field, the revolution speed of trapped particles can be controlled by the acoustic pressure near the tip or by driving voltage and frequency of the ultrasonic transducer. For Flying Color seeds, a revolution speed larger than 300 rpm can be obtained.
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Breaking the diffraction limit with dynamic saturation optical microscopy

Jörg Enderlein

Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 094105 (2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2034116 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 23 August 2005

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A scheme of fluorescence microscopy is proposed allowing the breaking of the diffraction limit of optical microscopy by a factor of four to five. It relies on fast temporal measurements of the fluorescence decay after sudden switch-on of the light excitation. The observed temporal dynamics of the fluorescence signal can be converted into information about the spatial distribution of fluorophores within the exciting laser focus. The proposed scheme is technically simple, allows resolution enhancement in three dimensions, and will be robust with respect to small optical aberrations as caused by refractive index variations in real samples.
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07.60.Pb Conventional optical microscopes
42.65.-k Nonlinear optics
42.25.Fx Diffraction and scattering
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