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26 Jun 2006

Volume 88, Issue 26, Articles (26xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 261107 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2213912 (3 pages)

Stanley S. Hong, Berthold K. P. Horn, Dennis M. Freeman, and Michael S. Mermelstein
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Parametric amplification in left-handed transmission line media

Alexander B. Kozyrev, Hongjoon Kim, and Daniel W. van der Weide

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 264101 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2214136 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 26 June 2006

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We introduce active negative-index metamaterials based on left-handed nonlinear transmission line media and measure a greater than 10 dB amplification of a weak signal wave at the output of the transmission line due to its parametric interaction with an intensive pump wave, by which energy in a pump wave at one frequency is transferred to the energy in a weak signal wave at another frequency.
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42.70.Nq Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials
42.65.Yj Optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers

Single superconducting split-ring resonator electrodynamics

Michael C. Ricci and Steven M. Anlage

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 264102 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2216931 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 26 June 2006

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We investigate the microwave electrodynamic properties of a single superconducting thin film split-ring resonator (SRR). Transmission data showed a high-Q stop band for a single Nb SRR (Q ∼ 4.5×104 at 4.2 K) below Tc, and no such feature for a Cu SRR or closed Nb loops. Adding SRRs increased the bandwidth, but decreased the insertion loss of the features. Placing the Nb SRR into an array of wires produced a single, elementary negative-index passband (Q ∼ 2.26×104 at 4.2 K). Changes in the features due to the kinetic inductance were observed. Models for SRR permeability and wire dielectric response were used to fit the data.
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85.25.Qc Superconducting surface acoustic wave devices and other superconducting devices
74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures
74.70.Ad Metals; alloys and binary compounds (including A15, MgB2, etc.)

Sensing electric and magnetic fields with Bose-Einstein condensates

S. Wildermuth, S. Hofferberth, I. Lesanovsky, S. Groth, P. Krüger, J. Schmiedmayer, and I. Bar-Joseph

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 264103 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2216932 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 27 June 2006

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We experimentally demonstrate that one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates brought close to microfabricated wires on an atom chip are a very sensitive sensor for magnetic and electric fields reaching a sensitivity to potential variations of ∼ 10−14 eV at 3 μm spatial resolution. We measure a two-dimensional magnetic field map 10 μm above a 100-μm-wide wire and show how the transverse current-density component inside the wire can be reconstructed. The relation between the field sensitivity and the spatial resolution is discussed and further improvements utilizing Feshbach-resonances are outlined.
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06.30.Ka Basic electromagnetic quantities
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing

Cantilever based mass sensor with hard contact readout

S. Dohn, O. Hansen, and A. Boisen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 264104 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2217161 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 29 June 2006

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We present a method for microcantilever resonant frequency detection. We measure the direct current from an intermittent contact once every vibration cycle between the conducting cantilever and a counterelectrode at a low bias voltage with respect to the cantilever, while the excitation frequency and amplitude are varied. The result is an almost “digital” detection of the resonant frequency. A relative frequency resolution Δf/f of 1/80 000 with high signal to noise ratio in ambient conditions is demonstrated. The detection method can be applied to portable sensor systems with very high frequency nanoelectromechanical cantilevers using simple off-chip electronics.
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06.30.Dr Mass and density
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems

Electrocoalescence of drops synchronized by size-dependent flow in microfluidic channels

Keunho Ahn, Jeremy Agresti, Henry Chong, Manuel Marquez, and D. A. Weitz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 264105 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2218058 (3 pages) | Cited 91 times

Online Publication Date: 29 June 2006

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The use of microfluidic devices to control drops of water in a carrier oil is a promising means of performing biological and chemical assays. An essential requirement for this is the controlled coalescence of pairs of drops to mix reagents together. We show that this can be accomplished through electrocoalescence of drops synchronized by size-dependent flow in microfluidic channels. Smaller drops move faster due to the Poiseuille flow, allowing pairs of surfactant-stabilized drops to be brought into contact where they are coalesced with an electric field. We apply this method to an enzyme assay to measure enzyme kinetic constants.
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47.85.Np Fluidics
47.60.-i Flow phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional systems
87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
87.14.E- Proteins
47.55.D- Drops and bubbles
47.65.-d Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics

Influence of vibrational wave form on intruder clustering

D. A. Sanders, Michael R. Swift, R. M. Bowley, and P. J. King

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 264106 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2218317 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 29 June 2006

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It has recently been shown that, within a two-dimensional granular bed subjected to sinusoidal, vertical vibration, neutrally buoyant intruders attract each other over a distance of up to five intruder diameters. The interaction between these intruders is the net result of attractive and repulsive forces which occur at different parts of the vibration cycle. Here we show that these forces may be manipulated by altering the vibration wave form to vary the strength of the overall attraction, or even to produce a weak repulsion. This ability is important for controlling the mixing of larger grains held within a granular bed.
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47.35.Lf Wave-structure interactions
47.57.Gc Granular flow
47.55.Lm Fluidized beds
47.51.+a Mixing
45.70.Mg Granular flow: mixing, segregation and stratification
64.75.-g Phase equilibria

Output of triple-pulse megahertz burst rate high-voltage induction device

Sifu Chen, Xin Li, Ziping Huang, Xiaobing Jing, Hengsong Ding, Lei Wang, Xinglin Yang, Minhong Wang, Bing Ma, Jinshui Shi, Linwen Zhang, Bonan Ding, and Jianjun Deng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 264107 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2213183 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 30 June 2006

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Proof-of-principle experiments on the megahertz burst rate high-voltage triple-pulse induction acceleration concept are described and the experimental results are presented. High-voltage triple pulser supplies a triple-pulse burst at pulse rate of 1.25 MHz to the acceleration gap of a ferrite induction device after the ferrite cores reset; a train of three 180 kV pulses separated by 800 ns was obtained in the accelerating gap. Each pulse has a full width at half maximum of 120 ns and ±1% flattop of 50 ns, with rise time of 40 ns, respectively.
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84.70.+p High-current and high-voltage technology: power systems; power transmission lines and cables
85.70.Ge Ferrite and garnet devices
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