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16 Jan 2006

Volume 88, Issue 3, Articles (03xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 034101 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2164910 (3 pages)

W. K. Hensinger, S. Olmschenk, D. Stick, D. Hucul, M. Yeo, M. Acton, L. Deslauriers, C. Monroe, and J. Rabchuk
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Ultrasound-modulated optical parallel speckle measurement with stroboscopic illumination in a coaxial reflection system

Masaki Hisaka

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 033901 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2165291 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 17 January 2006

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Ultrasound-modulated optical parallel speckle measurement with stroboscopic illumination in a coaxial reflection system has been developed in order to investigate the biological speckle pattern behavior modulated by a pulsed-ultrasound wave propagating through strong scattering media. An optically absorptive object located at a distance of 5.0 millimeters from the surface of a 10.0 millimeter thick acoustically impedance-matched scattering media has been measured with submillimeter spatial resolution by detecting backscattered light with a charge-coupled device camera. In addition, a series of absorptive dependence measurements were also acquired.
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87.63.L- Visual imaging
43.80.Vj

Microbubble oscillation in tubes with diameters of 12, 25, and 195 microns

Charles F. Caskey, Dustin E. Kruse, Paul A. Dayton, Tyler K. Kitano, and Katherine W. Ferrara

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 033902 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2164392 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 19 January 2006

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Ultrasound contrast agents are often used to measure flow rate in the microvasculature; however, the oscillation of these agents in capillary-sized tubes has not been directly observed. Here, oscillations of microbubbles are examined in microvessel phantoms with diameters similar to those of capillaries. High-speed camera images demonstrate the effects of ultrasonic pressure and tube diameter and length on microbubble expansion and fragmentation occurrence. Microbubble displacement due to radiation force is also demonstrated in a phantom microvessel.
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87.63.D- Ultrasonography
47.55.D- Drops and bubbles
43.80.Qf
43.35.-c

Complex channel networks of bone structure

Luciano da Fontoura Costa, Matheus Palhares Viana, and Marcelo Emílio Beletti

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 033903 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2166473 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 20 January 2006

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Bone structure in mammals involves a complex network of channels (Havers and Volkmann channels) required to nourish the bone cells. This work describes how three-dimensional reconstructions of such systems can be obtained and represented in terms of complex networks. Three important findings are reported: (i) The fact that the channel branching density resembles a power law implies the existence of distribution hubs; (ii) the joint node degree density indicates a clear tendency of connection involving nodes with degree 3; and (iii) the application of the recently introduced concept of hierarchical clustering coefficient allows the identification of typical scales of channel redistribution. A series of relevant biological insights is drawn and discussed.
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87.63.L- Visual imaging
87.57.N- Image analysis
87.17.-d Cell processes
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