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16 Jan 2006

Volume 88, Issue 3, Articles (03xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 034101 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2164910 (3 pages)

W. K. Hensinger, S. Olmschenk, D. Stick, D. Hucul, M. Yeo, M. Acton, L. Deslauriers, C. Monroe, and J. Rabchuk
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T-junction ion trap array for two-dimensional ion shuttling, storage, and manipulation

W. K. Hensinger, S. Olmschenk, D. Stick, D. Hucul, M. Yeo, M. Acton, L. Deslauriers, C. Monroe, and J. Rabchuk

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 034101 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2164910 (3 pages) | Cited 52 times

Online Publication Date: 17 January 2006

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We demonstrate a two-dimensional 11-zone ion trap array, where individual laser-cooled atomic ions are stored, separated, shuttled, and swapped. The trap geometry consists of two linear rf-ion trap sections that are joined at a 90° angle to form a T-shaped structure. We shuttle a single ion around the corners of the T-junction and swap the positions of two crystallized ions using voltage sequences designed to accommodate the nontrivial electrical potential near the junction. Full two-dimensional control of multiple ions demonstrated in this system may be crucial for the realization of scalable ion trap quantum computation and the implementation of quantum networks.
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37.10.De Atom cooling methods
37.10.Gh Atom traps and guides
37.10.Vz Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions

“Ultrasonic stars” for time-reversal focusing using induced cavitation bubbles

Mathieu Pernot, Gabriel Montaldo, Mickael Tanter, and Mathias Fink

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 034102 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2162700 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 17 January 2006

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Ultrasound waves can be focused by multichannel arrays through heterogeneous media using a time-reversal focusing method. In this method, it is required that a reference signal be either sent by a small active source embedded in the medium or backscattered by a strong scatterer acting as a passive source. The potential of this method in ultrasonic medical imaging has been already envisioned for aberration corrections. However, in many practical situations it is not possible to insert an active source in the medium or to rely on the presence of a unique strong scatterer in order to generate the reference signal. Analogous to the field of adaptive optics in astronomy, we propose here to create artificial “ultrasonic stars” in the body. The trick consists of first creating a bubble inside the medium using a section of the ultrasonic array. Due to cavitation, the bubble generates a spherical wave that propagates through a heterogeneous medium to the ultrasound array. The time-reversal method is then applied to the ultrasonic wave received by the array. This technique is experimentally validated for aberrations corrections in tissue mimicking phantoms.
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87.63.D- Ultrasonography
43.80.Qf
43.80.Vj
47.55.dp Cavitation and boiling

In situ x-ray imaging of nanoparticle agglomeration in fluidized beds

Paul Michael Jenneson and Ozcan Gundogdu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 034103 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2166486 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 18 January 2006

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A high spatial (down to 400 nm) and temporal resolution (down to 1 ms) x-ray imaging apparatus has been designed to study the agglomeration of arc plasma synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (average diameter of 50 nm) in fluidized beds under different gas flow velocities. The mean volume distribution of the nanoparticle agglomerates was determined with x-ray microtomography and found to correspond to a lognormal distribution with a mean value of 0.70×109 μm3 and a variance of 3.6×1021 (μm3)2. The average density of the agglomerates was found to be 2.9 g cm−3 compared to 5.6 g cm−3 for the individual nanoparticles. The powder assembly was then dynamically imaged using an x-ray image intensifier coupled to a digital camera using a field of view of 24.20 mm by 32.25 mm and a temporal resolution of 40 ms. Sequential frames were captured into computer memory for a range of gas flow velocities from 0.026 ms−1 to 0.313 ms−1. The breakup energy of the agglomerates was calculated to be approximately 2×10−8 J using a combination of dynamic observations and physical properties of the agglomerate system extracted from the x-ray microtomographic data.
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61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
07.85.-m X- and γ-ray instruments

Single-molecule detection in a liquid by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering

Zenghui Zhou, Guiying Wang, and Zhizhan Xu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 034104 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2166474 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 18 January 2006

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Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) adsorbed on colloidal silver clusters in a liquid has been studied. The first observation of single molecule resonance Raman scattering in a liquid in a probed volume of 10 pL was achieved. Anisotropy of SERRS spectra of single R6G molecule and huge SERRS spectra were observed and compared with that of single molecule fixed in the dried films of sols, which revealed the intricate complex interaction between R6G molecules and the environment in a liquid.
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33.20.Fb Raman and Rayleigh spectra (including optical scattering)
36.40.Mr Spectroscopy and geometrical structure of clusters
68.43.Mn Adsorption kinetics
82.70.Dd Colloids
82.70.Gg Gels and sols

Suppression of the pull-in instability for parallel-plate electrostatic actuators operated in dielectric liquids

B. Legrand, A.-S. Rollier, D. Collard, and Lionel Buchaillot

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 034105 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2165282 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 18 January 2006

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We study electrostatic parallel-plate actuators operated in dielectric liquids. The stable operation zone of the actuators in common liquids is extended far beyond one-third of the initial gap, which is the typical limit of stability for such actuators operated in air. The pull-in effect can even be totally suppressed. In spite of higher dielectric constants in liquids than in air, which is expected to magnify the electrostatic forces, the required voltages to actuate are not significantly reduced and may even be larger. These results are discussed with regard to the dielectric constant of the liquids and to the electrical insulating layers of the parallel plates which appear to play a major role. Finally, the analytical approach is compared to experiments performed on fabricated devices.
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85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
77.84.Nh Liquids, emulsions, and suspensions; liquid crystals
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