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13 Feb 2006

Volume 88, Issue 7, Articles (07xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 072905 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2172744 (3 pages)

Y. L. Li and L. Q. Chen
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Molecular-optic modulator

Kazuki Ihara, Chihiro Eshima, Shin-Ichi Zaitsu, Singo Kamitomo, Kenji Shinzen, Yasuyuki Hirakawa, and Totaro Imasaka

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 074101 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2174091 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 16 February 2006

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An ultrafast light-intensity modulator, based on stimulated Raman scattering, is described. The intensity of a continuous wave laser is fully modulated at 17 THz using hydrogen in a high-finesse cavity. The modulation frequency is determined by the molecular constant of the Raman medium, i.e., the Raman shift frequency. The modulation frequency can be changed in the tetrahertz range by replacing the Raman medium. Due to the accurate modulation frequency and the high beam coherence, this device is amenable to a variety of applications such as in basic science and also in advanced industrial technology.
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42.79.Hp Optical processors, correlators, and modulators
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression
42.65.Dr Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS
42.65.Es Stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
33.70.Jg Line and band widths, shapes, and shifts

Thermoacoustically driven refrigerator with double thermoacoustic-Stirling cycles

Ercang Luo, Wei Dai, Yong Zhang, and Hong Ling

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 074102 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2176855 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 17 February 2006

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Recently, considerable research efforts have been made to search substitution technologies for chlorofluorocarbon-based vapor compression cycles due to the concern over environmental issues. This letter introduces a helium-based thermoacoustic refrigeration system, which is a thermoacoustic-Stirling refrigerator driven by a thermoacoustic-Stirling heat engine, for domestic refrigeration purpose. In the regenerators of both the refrigerator and the prime mover, helium gas experiences near to reversible high efficiency Stirling process. At the operating point with 3.0 MPa mean pressure, 57.7 Hz frequency, and 2.2 kW heat input, the experimental cooler provides a lowest temperature of −64.4 °C and 250 W cooling power at −22.1 °C. These results show good potential of the system to be an alternative in near future for domestic refrigeration with advantages of environment-friendliness, no moving parts, and heat driven mechanism.
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07.20.Mc Cryogenics; refrigerators, low-temperature detectors, and other low-temperature equipment
43.35.Ud
07.20.Pe Heat engines; heat pumps; heat pipes

Growth of internal melt figures in superheated ice

Satoshi Takeya

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 074103 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2177371 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 17 February 2006

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The use of light radiation to superheat the interior of an ice crystal and the transparency of ice allows one to observe internal melt figures, also called Tyndall figures, in an ice crystal. In this study, the growth process and growth rates of the melt figures were compared with those of ice crystals in supercooled water and also to the universal law of dendrite growth theory. The results suggest that growth of dendritic melt figures can be explained by the same factors as the growth process of dendritic ice crystals from the melt; that is, transport of latent heat, interfacial tension, and the anisotropic interfacial kinetics of ice.
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64.70.D- Solid-liquid transitions
68.03.Cd Surface tension and related phenomena
68.70.+w Whiskers and dendrites (growth, structure, and nonelectronic properties)

Chemical identification using an impedance sensor based on dispersive charge transport

Richard D. Yang, Bernd Fruhberger, Jeongwon Park, and Andrew C. Kummel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 074104 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2175491 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 17 February 2006

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Impedance spectroscopy has been used to identify analytes in semiconducting metallophthalocyanine thin films. Above a critical concentration, the magnitudes of the high frequency conductivity changes are invariant with concentration but distinct for different analytes and can be used for analyte identification. The analyte-induced ac conductivity changes above 5 kHz have been converted to frequency shifts in a circuit resonance and used to differentiate methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol vapors in a nitrogen carrier gas. The analyte-induced changes in the conductivity are consistent with analyte-induced changes in the charge relaxation times.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds
72.30.+q High-frequency effects; plasma effects
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