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25 Sep 2006

Volume 89, Issue 13, Articles (13xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 131108 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2356892 (3 pages)

Paul E. Barclay, Kartik Srinivasan, Oskar Painter, Benjamin Lev, and Hideo Mabuchi
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Controlled electrocoalescence in microfluidics: Targeting a single lamella

Craig Priest, Stephan Herminghaus, and Ralf Seemann

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 134101 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2357039 (3 pages) | Cited 70 times

Online Publication Date: 25 September 2006

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Electrocoalescence of aqueous droplets is investigated as a tool for microfluidic processing. Where droplets are separated by only thin lamellae, coalescence can be induced on demand within a fraction of a millisecond at low potentials (few volts). The authors show that in their approach electrocoalescence proceeds through an electric-field-induced dynamic instability of the oil/water interface. When the electrode geometry and applied potential are optimized, individual lamellae can be targeted for rupture within highly ordered droplet arrangements.
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47.85.Np Fluidics
47.55.df Breakup and coalescence
47.20.-k Flow instabilities

Magnetic crossover of NiO nanocrystals at room temperature

Liping Li, Lijuan Chen, Rima Qihe, and Guangshe Li

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 134102 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2357562 (3 pages) | Cited 26 times

Online Publication Date: 25 September 2006

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The nature of room-temperature ferromagnetism in diluted magnetic semiconductors, ZnO:M (M is Ni, Co, Fe, etc.), remains in debate, most likely because previous theoretical and experimental studies have excluded the magnetic contribution from secondary phases of transition metal oxide nanocrystals including NiO and CoO. In this work, the authors initiated a study on NiO nanocrystals that demonstrated room-temperature ferromagnetic behavior with relatively large coercive forces, in apparent contradiction to the previous conjectures in the literature. With size reduction, NiO nanocrystals showed an abnormal magnetic crossover, which is closely related to weakened superexchange interactions in their multisublattices.
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75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
75.50.Vv High coercivity materials
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange interactions

In situ observation of amorphous-amorphous apparently first-order phase transition in zeolites

Nikolay Ovsyuk and Sergei Goryainov

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 134103 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2357567 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 25 September 2006

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In this letter, the authors present the observation of the phase transition between low-density amorphous (LDA) and high-density amorphous (HDA) zeolites using a high pressure Raman spectroscopy. It is found that this transition is apparently of the first order and occurs with a silicon coordination rise. It is shown that the Raman spectra of the LDA-HDA phase transitions in zeolites and in silicon are almost identical, suggesting a generality of amorphous-amorphous transformations both in simple substances and in complex polyatomic materials with tetrahedral configurations.
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81.30.Hd Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder
64.70.K- Solid-solid transitions
78.35.+c Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering; other light scattering
61.43.Er Other amorphous solids

X-ray absorption fine structure measurement with a 9 V electric battery x-ray emitter

Shota Mitsuya, Hideshi Ishii, Jun Kawai, and Keiichi Tanaka

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 134104 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2356462 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 25 September 2006

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X-ray absorption spectral analysis is a well known technique for analyzing the chemical environment of an element in a specimen. It has been believed that high intensity and monochromatized x rays such as the synchrotron radiation are required for an x-ray absorption experiment. In the present study, however, we demonstrate that the x-ray absorption spectral measurement of transition metal foils with an energy resolution of 10 eV is possible with a combination of a 9 V dry electric battery pyroelectric x-ray generator and a superconducting microcalorimeter.
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61.05.cj X-ray absorption spectroscopy: EXAFS, NEXAFS, XANES, etc.
78.70.Dm X-ray absorption spectra
82.47.Cb Lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and other batteries

Parametric modulation of an atomic magnetometer

Zhimin Li, Ronald T. Wakai, and Thad G. Walker

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 134105 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2357553 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 27 September 2006

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The authors report on a rubidium atomic magnetometer designed for use in a shielded environment. Operating in the spin-exchange relaxation-free regime, the magnetometer utilizes parametric modulation of the z-magnetic field to suppress noise associated with airflow through the oven and to simultaneously detect x- and y-field components, using a single probe beam, with minimal loss of sensitivity and bandwidth. A white noise level of 60 fT/(Hz)1/2 was achieved.
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07.55.Ge Magnetometers for magnetic field measurements
07.77.-n Atomic, molecular, and charged-particle sources and detectors
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