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11 Dec 2006

Volume 89, Issue 24, Articles (24xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 242109 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405843 (3 pages)

Carlo R. da Cunha, Nobuyuki Aoki, Takahiro Morimoto, Yuichi Ochiai, Richard Akis, and David K. Ferry
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Laser emission from dye-doped polymer film in opal photonic crystal cavity

Feng Jin, Chun-Fang Li, Xian-Zi Dong, Wei-Qiang Chen, and Xuan-Ming Duan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241101 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2404941 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 11 December 2006

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The authors demonstrated the lasing emission of the cavity constructed by the allyl derivative of fluorescein doped dendrimer/polymer film and two opal photonic crystals. A dendrimer encapsulated the structure modified laser dye and increased its concentration up to 5.3 wt % in the polymer film with high optical gain. Laser emission of the cavity was observed, which is located at 589 nm with a full width at half maximum of 1.7 nm above the lasing threshold of 15 μJ/pulse. The lasing output was observed at an unordinary angle owing to the superprism effect of opal photonic crystals.
Show PACS
42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
42.55.Tv Photonic crystal lasers and coherent effects
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings

Displacement measurement of the depth migration of transparent cells

Makoto Yoshida, Ichirou Ishimaru, Katsumi Ishizaki, Toshiki Yasokawa, Shigeki Kuriyama, Tsutomu Masaki, Seiji Nakai, Kaoru Takegawa, and Naoyuki Tanaka

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241102 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405396 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 11 December 2006

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This letter reports a method for displacement measurement of the depth migration of transparent cells. This proposed optical spatial filtering method allows visualization of the transparent cells and determination of depth migration as a horizontal displacement positive or negative first order diffracted light on the detector surface. When the sample is displaced upward or downward from the focal plane, first and negative first order diffracted light form images at a different point as a light circle. The coordinates of these two light circles on the detector surface change places when the displacement of depth migration moves to the opposite direction.
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87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
06.30.Bp Spatial dimensions (e.g., position, lengths, volume, angles, and displacements)
87.17.-d Cell processes

Wavelength-tunable and thermally stable Li-α-sialon:Eu2+ oxynitride phosphors for white light-emitting diodes

Rong-Jun Xie, Naoto Hirosaki, Mamoru Mitomo, Ken Sakuma, and Naoki Kimura

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241103 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2402880 (3 pages) | Cited 97 times

Online Publication Date: 11 December 2006

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Eu2+-activated Li-α-sialon is a promising yellow phosphor for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This letter reports that the emission of Eu2+ in Li-α-sialon can be tuned widely (563–586 nm) by tailoring the composition or controlling the Eu2+ concentration. The thermal stability of Li-α-sialon:Eu2+, relying a little on the composition and the Eu2+ concentration, remains high in a wide temperature range (25–200 °C). Moreover, the chromaticity of Li-α-sialon:Eu2+ does not shift with changes in temperature. Using a single Li-α-sialon:Eu2+ phosphor, highly efficient white LEDs (46–55 lm/W) with different color temperatures (3000–5200 K) can be fabricated.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices

Angular momentum and geometrical phases in tight-focused circularly polarized plane waves

Ze’ev Bomzon, Min Gu, and Joseph Shamir

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241104 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2402909 (3 pages) | Cited 25 times

Online Publication Date: 11 December 2006

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Calculations for the field at the focal plane of a high numerical aperture lens focusing a circularly polarized plane wave are presented. The calculations show that the polarization of the wave front in the focal plane is space varying, and that a geometrical phase is added to the wave front. Calculation of the angular momentum at the focal plane reveals that it depends on the numerical aperture of the lens. It is shown that this dependence is directly connected to the lens acting as a spatial filter.
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42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
42.79.Ci Filters, zone plates, and polarizers
42.15.-i Geometrical optics

Radial cavity mode excitation in fluorescent core-shell microcavities

Andreas Weller and Michael Himmelhaus

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241105 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2402945 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 11 December 2006

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In this letter the authors show that the optical mode spectrum of fluorescent dielectric microparticles can be entirely altered by coating the particles with a semitransparent gold layer. While the particles show the frequently observed whispering gallery mode (WGM) excitations without the metal shell, WGMs are suppressed after the coating procedure. Instead, the observed mode spectra can be explained by the evolution of radial modes, which the authors refer to as “spherical Fabry-Pérot modes” in analogy to the mode patterns observed in planar Fabry-Pérot interferometers.
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78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials
78.66.Nk Insulators
42.79.Wc Optical coatings

Tunable slow light in Bragg-spaced quantum wells

J. P. Prineas, W. J. Johnston, M. Yildirim, J. Zhao, and Arthur L. Smirl

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241106 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2403927 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 11 December 2006

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The group velocity of light is continuously varied in the intermediate band of a Bragg-spaced quantum well structure by tuning the pulse frequency. Delays of 0–0.4 bit, without significant pulse distortion, are measured. The high group index is found to lead to large Fresnel reflection coupling losses and Fabry-Pérot fringing. Antireflection (AR) coatings deposited on both sides of the Bragg-spaced quantum well structure are shown to improve coupling of light into the intermediate band but to be sensitive to small errors ( ∼ 1%) in the AR coating layer thicknesses.
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42.70.Nq Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials
42.79.Wc Optical coatings
78.67.De Quantum wells

7 W high-efficiency continuous-wave green light generation by intracavity frequency doubling of an end-pumped vertical external-cavity surface emitting semiconductor laser

JunHo Lee, SangMoon Lee, Taek Kim, and YongJo Park

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241107 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2404615 (3 pages) | Cited 22 times

Online Publication Date: 11 December 2006

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The authors report the demonstration of highly efficient continuous-wave green light at 535 nm generation by intracavity frequency doubling of an end-pumped vertical external-cavity surface emitting semiconductor laser (VECSEL). The beta-barium borate (β-BaB2O4) crystals, cut for critical type I phase matching at room temperature, are used for second harmonic generation of the laser. In combination with an end-pumped VECSEL and efficient intracavity frequency doubling with a folded three-mirror cavity, more than 7 W green light output power is obtained at pump power of 26 W. The optical conversion efficiency of 27% is achieved from pump power to second harmonic power.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
42.70.Mp Nonlinear optical crystals

Propagation of guided modes in curved nanoribbon waveguides

Zhuo Ye, Xinhua Hu, Ming Li, Kai-Ming Ho, and Peidong Yang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241108 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2404976 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 12 December 2006

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The authors develop a plane-wave-based transfer matrix method in curvilinear coordinates to study the guided modes in curved nanoribbon waveguides. The problem of a curved structure is transformed into an equivalent one of a straight structure with spatially dependent tensors of dielectric constant and magnetic permeability. The authors investigate the coupling between the eigenmodes of the straight part and those of the curved part when the waveguide is bent. The authors show that curved sections can result in strong oscillations in the transmission spectrum similar to the recent experimental results of Lawet al. [Science 305, 1269 (2004)] .
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42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
02.10.Yn Matrix theory
02.10.Ud Linear algebra

Femtosecond time-resolved study in InxGa1−xN (0001) ultrathin epilayers: Effects of high indium mole fraction and thickness of the films

Emmanouil Lioudakis, Andreas Othonos, Emmanouil Dimakis, and Alexandros Georgakilas

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241109 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405413 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 12 December 2006

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In view of promising full-solar-spectrum photovoltaic systems based on InxGa1−xN ternary alloys, femtosecond time-resolved study in ultrathin epilayers was employed in order to extract the fundamental properties of material. Two different thicknesses of epilayers were employed with relative high indium mole fractions. State filling effect at various probing energy states has been observed for both epilayers. Saturation of state filling as well as enhanced photoinduced absorption occurred at higher probing wavelengths. Furthermore, coherent acoustic phonon oscillations were also observed for both ultrathin epilayers with a thickness dependent oscillation frequency. Finally, absorption band edge of these alloys has been determined.
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78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors
78.47.-p Spectroscopy of solid state dynamics
73.50.Pz Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
63.20.-e Phonons in crystal lattices

Electro-optic effect exaltation on lithium niobate photonic crystals due to slow photons

M. Roussey, M.-P. Bernal, N. Courjal, D. Van Labeke, F. I. Baida, and R. Salut

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241110 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2402946 (3 pages) | Cited 40 times

Online Publication Date: 12 December 2006

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The authors demonstrate how slow group velocities that are easily attainable at the band edge of photonic crystals can drastically enhance the electro-optical effect on tunable photonic crystal components. This property opens up the possibility of microsized nonlinear devices with low power requirement. In this letter we show how these possibilities for enhancement of nonlinear effects have been used to fabricate a 13×13 μm2 sized lithium niobate photonic crystal intensity modulator that shows an enhanced electro-optic effect 312 times bigger than the one predicted by the classical Pockels effect for an equivalent device in bulk material.
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42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
42.79.Hp Optical processors, correlators, and modulators
78.20.Jq Electro-optical effects

2.0 W diode-pumped Er:Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 laser at 1.5–1.6 μm

Y. J. Chen, Y. F. Lin, X. H. Gong, Q. G. Tan, Z. D. Luo, and Y. D. Huang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241111 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2404969 (3 pages) | Cited 23 times

Online Publication Date: 13 December 2006

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An efficient and high output power laser has been realized for an Er:Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 crystal end pumped by a 970 nm diode laser. Under the absorbed pump power of 15.5 W, quasi-continuous-wave output power of 2.0 W at 1.5–1.6 μm has been obtained in a hemispherical cavity. The laser had an absorbed pump threshold power of 4.7 W and a slope efficiency of 21%. The influence of the laser output power and output coupler transmission on the output laser spectra has also been investigated.
Show PACS
42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
42.55.Xi Diode-pumped lasers
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings

Patterned femtosecond laser excitation of terahertz leaky modes in GaAs photonic crystals

Nathan Jukam, Cristo Yee, Mark S. Sherwin, Ilya Fushman, and Jelena Vučković

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241112 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2399439 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 13 December 2006

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GaAs terahertz (THz) photonic crystals are fabricated using reactive ion etching. A femtosecond laser beam generates THz radiation inside the PCs. Spatial patterning of the laser beam is used to couple into the PC modes. THz emission is observed from modes above the light line (leaky modes). Only the dipole modes are found to radiate strongly in the direction normal to the slab which is consistent with finite-difference time-domain based calculations of the far fields.
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42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning

Vertical injection thin-film AlGaN/AlGaN multiple-quantum-well deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

L. Zhou, J. E. Epler, M. R. Krames, W. Goetz, M. Gherasimova, Z. Ren, J. Han, M. Kneissl, and N. M. Johnson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241113 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2408643 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 13 December 2006

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Vertically injected thin-film ultraviolet light-emitting diodes operating at 325 and 280 nm are demonstrated. Low-temperature AlN interlayers allow crack-free growth of AlxGa1−xN with compositions up to x = 0.53 on GaN-on-sapphire templates. The GaN layer allows laser-induced separation of the highly strained epi stack from the sapphire substrate with high yield. Cathode contacts are formed on nitrogen-face AlxGa1−xN (up to x = 0.53) and allow vertical injection of current into the active region. Controlled roughening of the nitrogen-face AlxGa1−xN is also demonstrated through photoelectrochemical etching and results in >2.5× light extraction gain for 325 and 280 nm devices.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
85.35.Be Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.)

Direct evidence of light confinement and emission enhancement in active silicon-on-insulator slot waveguides

M. Galli, D. Gerace, A. Politi, M. Liscidini, M. Patrini, L. C. Andreani, A. Canino, M. Miritello, R. Lo Savio, A. Irrera, and F. Priolo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241114 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2404936 (3 pages) | Cited 30 times

Online Publication Date: 14 December 2006

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The authors experimentally demonstrate strong light confinement and enhancement of emission at 1.54 μm in planar silicon-on-insulator waveguides containing a thin layer (slot) of SiO2 with Er3+ doped Si nanoclusters. Angle-resolved attenuated total reflectance is used to excite the slab guided modes, giving a direct evidence of the strong confinement of the electric field in the low-index active material for the fundamental transverse-magnetic mode. By measuring the guided photoluminescence from the cleaved-edge of the sample, the authors observe a more than fivefold enhancement of emission for the transverse-magnetic mode over the transverse-electric one. These results show that Si-based slot waveguides could be important as starting templates for the realization of Si-compatible active optical devices.
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42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays
78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials

Electrical measurement of carrier population modulation by two-color coherent control

J. K. Wahlstrand, J. A. Pipis, P. A. Roos, S. T. Cundiff, and R. P. Smith

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241115 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2402125 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 14 December 2006

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Two-color quantum interference control in a semiconductor results in a charge current or a modulation of the carrier population depending on the phase shift between an optical wave and its second harmonic. Population control requires certain polarizations for the two colors with respect to the crystal axes. The authors present results of an electrical measurement of quantum interference control of charge carrier population in (111) oriented GaAs. The dependence of the population control signal on power, light polarization, bias, and laser spot position is studied.
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78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors
73.23.-b Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems

Optical cavity with a double-layered cholesteric liquid crystal mirror and its prospective application to solid state laser

Soon Moon Jeong, Koji Sonoyama, Yoichi Takanishi, Ken Ishikawa, Hideo Takezoe, Suzushi Nishimura, Goro Suzaki, and Myoung Hoon Song

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241116 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2404937 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 14 December 2006

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The authors have fabricated an optical cavity with silver (Ag) and double-layered cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) mirrors facing each other. This CLC mirror consists of left-handed CLC and right-handed CLC films for high light reflection irrespective of polarization states. A single-mode lasing was observed in dye-doped CLC sandwiched between Ag and double-layered CLC mirrors. The authors also fabricated a flexible solid state device with a spin-coated dye molecular film sandwiched between Ag and double-layered CLC mirrors. Amplified spontaneous emission was observed from the solid state device, suggesting a possible structure for a flexible and tunable solid state laser.
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42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.79.Kr Display devices, liquid-crystal devices

Three-dimensional phase-contrast imaging of single floating cells

Hiroaki Kobayashi, Ichirou Ishimaru, Toshiki Yasokawa, Katsumi Ishizaki, Shigeki Kuriyama, Tsutomu Masaki, Seiji Nakai, Kaoru Takegawa, and Naotaka Tanaka

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241117 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2402229 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 14 December 2006

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A three-dimensional phase-contrast imaging technique that does not involve fluorescent labeling has been developed for observing floating cells. In this method, a single floating cell is made to rotate and images are acquired at several orientations of the cell using a phase-contrast microscope. From these two-dimensional phase-contrast images, three-dimensional cross-sectional images are obtained using the conventional computed tomography algorithm. This proposed method enabled successful rotation of a floating cell (a breast cancer cell line) and reconstruction of three-dimensional phase-contrast images. In these reconstructed three-dimensional images, the distribution of cell organelles is obtained and the cell nucleus is clearly distinguishable.
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87.59.bd Computed radiography
87.17.-d Cell processes
87.57.N- Image analysis

Fluorescence enhancement of quantum dots enclosed in Au nanopockets with subwavelength aperture

Gang L. Liu, Jaeyoun Kim, Yu Lu, and Luke P. Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241118 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2388870 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 14 December 2006

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The authors observed strong fluorescence (FL) enhancement from CdSe quantum dots (QDs) partially encapsulated in a smooth Au film with subwavelength apertures. So far, the fluorescence of QDs placed on smooth metallic surfaces has been mostly quenched unless the surface was roughened in nanoscale. The pocketed QD FL emitted through the nanoaperture exhibited up to fivefold enhancement when compared with those from QDs on plain Au or glass surfaces. The enhancement depends strongly on the film thickness and becomes maximized at 50 nm. This study shows that the dependence may be closely related to the surface plasmon-polariton characteristics of the Au layer.
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78.67.Hc Quantum dots
78.55.Et II-VI semiconductors
78.66.Hf II-VI semiconductors
73.22.Lp Collective excitations
78.68.+m Optical properties of surfaces

Double-layer resonant Brewster filters consisting of a homogeneous layer and a grating with equal refractive index

Zhanshan Wang, Tian Sang, Jingtao Zhu, Li Wang, Yonggang Wu, and Lingyan Chen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241119 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405862 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 14 December 2006

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In this letter, the double-layer resonant Brewster filters and their properties were presented, which consist of a homogenous layer with a refractive index equal to that of the grating. By tuning the thickness of the homogeneous layer, a multichannel resonant Brewster filter with thin grating thickness can be obtained. For this type of filters, the variety of the grating thickness almost did not change the resonance location, but had a distinct effect on the filter linewidth. By changing grating period or tuning incident angle, different linewidths can be obtained at the same resonance wavelength without losing the low-reflection sideband feature.
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42.79.Ci Filters, zone plates, and polarizers
42.79.Dj Gratings

Extreme ultraviolet broadband Mo/Y multilayer analyzers

Zhanshan Wang, Hongchang Wang, Jingtao Zhu, Yao Xu, Shumin Zhang, Cunxia Li, Fengli Wang, Zhong Zhang, Yongrong Wu, Xinbin Cheng, Lingyan Chen, Alan G. Michette, Slawka J. Pfauntsch, A. Keith Powell, Franz Schäfers, et al.

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241120 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405874 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 14 December 2006

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Broadband extreme ultraviolet molybdenum/yttrium aperiodic multilayer analyzers were designed for polarization experiments in 8.5–11.7 nm wavelength range. The multilayer analyzers were made using direct current magnetron sputtering and characterized using the soft x-ray polarimeter at BESSY-II facility. Measured s reflectivities at the Brewster angle are 5.5% for a multilayer designed for 8.5–10.1 nm wavelength range and 6.1% for one designed for 9.1–11.7 nm. The multilayers also exhibit high polarization degree up to 98.79%. In addition, the multilayer was also measured over 38°–52° angular range at the fixed wavelength of 10.2 nm and the mean s reflectivity is 6.2%.
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42.79.Wc Optical coatings
42.15.Eq Optical system design
07.60.Fs Polarimeters and ellipsometers

Optical properties of synthesized organic nanowires

Yujie Chen, Xudong Chen, Baojun Li, Dingshan Yu, Zhiqiu He, Guangji Li, and Mingqiu Zhang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241121 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405878 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 14 December 2006

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Organic nanowires have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. The functional groups in chemical structure of the organic nanowire have been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrum. Optical properties of organic nanowires have been demonstrated by linear absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Two emission peaks at 3.91 and 3.3 eV have been revealed by fluorescence spectrum at room temperature. For the emission peak at 3.3 eV, a blueshift occurred when the temperature rises. Two time components have been observed in fluorescence dynamic process of the nanowire by time-resolved decay curve.
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81.07.-b Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization
78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
78.30.Jw Organic compounds, polymers
78.55.Kz Solid organic materials
78.47.-p Spectroscopy of solid state dynamics

Intersubband transition in narrow GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells

H. C. Liu, C. Y. Song, J. A. Gupta, and G. C. Aers

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241122 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405890 (2 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 14 December 2006

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The authors report on experimental results of intersubband absorption in a set of Ga0.77In0.23N0.01As0.99/GaAs quantum well structures with different well widths from 2.6 to 4.4 nm. Due to the peculiar conduction band dispersion, the observed intersubband transition energy is quite insensitive to the well width for these narrow wells. The observed intersubband resonance positions are in good agreement with a model calculation.
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78.67.De Quantum wells
68.65.Fg Quantum wells
73.21.Fg Quantum wells

Effect of layer stacking and p-type doping on the performance of InAs/InP quantum-dash-in-a-well lasers emitting at 1.55 μm

G. Moreau, S. Azouigui, D.-Y. Cong, K. Merghem, A. Martinez, G. Patriarche, A. Ramdane, F. Lelarge, B. Rousseau, B. Dagens, F. Poingt, A. Accard, and F. Pommereau

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241123 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2408631 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 14 December 2006

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The authors report the growth of 6-, 9-, and 12-layer InAs/InP quantum-dash-in-a-well (DWELL) laser structures using gas source molecular beam epitaxy. Broad area laser performance has been investigated as a function of number of layers. The highest modal gain at 48 cm−1 is achieved for an optimized nine-DWELL layer structure. The effect of layer stacking and p-type doping on the characteristic temperature is also reported. Nine-DWELL layer single mode ridge waveguide lasers showed high slope efficiency (0.2 W/A per facet) and output power (Pout = 20 mW), close to those of conventional quantum well devices.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
81.15.Hi Molecular, atomic, ion, and chemical beam epitaxy

Enhancement of light emission from single quantum dot in photonic crystal nanocavity by using cavity resonant excitation

Masahiro Nomura, Satoshi Iwamoto, Tao Yang, Satomi Ishida, and Yasuhiko Arakawa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241124 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2408636 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 14 December 2006

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The authors demonstrate highly efficient selective excitation of a single InGaAs self-assembled quantum dot (QD) embedded in a photonic crystal defect nanocavity. A single QD, whose first excited state is resonant with the cavity mode resonance, shows strong light emission from the ground state under cavity resonant excitation. The light emission is nearly ten times stronger than that of a single QD located at an unpatterned area. This result is attributed to the local enhancement of the effective absorption by the cavity resonant effect. This highly efficient excitation technique can be useful for single photon sources.
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78.67.Hc Quantum dots
78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials

Permanent luminescent micropatterns photoinduced by low-power ultraviolet irradiation in lithium fluoride

Maria Aurora Vincenti, Salvatore Almaviva, Rosa Maria Montereali, Hypolito José Kalinowski, and Rogério Nunes Nogueira

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241125 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2404595 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 14 December 2006

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The permanent recording of regularly spaced, periodic, light-emitting submicrometric structures in gamma-ray irradiated LiF crystals has been obtained by low-power illumination with a continuous laser at 244 nm in a standard phase mask interferometer used for Bragg gratings registration in optical fibers. Selective bleaching of primary F electronic defects and aggregate F2 laser active color centers has been identified as the mechanism responsible of photoinduced spatial modulation of absorption and photoemission properties. The results look promising for the realization of micropatterns with refractive index and gain modulation on scale comparable with the optical wavelengths to easily integrate with miniaturized LiF-based structures.
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61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
61.80.Ed γ-ray effects
61.72.J- Point defects and defect clusters
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
42.70.-a Optical materials
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