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7 Aug 2006

Volume 89, Issue 6, Articles (06xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 062501 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2259813 (3 pages)

Sangkook Choi, Ki-Suk Lee, and Sang-Koog Kim
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Characterization and hydrogen storage properties of Pt–C60 compound

X. L. Wang and J. P. Tu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 064101 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2335608 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 7 August 2006

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Platinum fulleride (Pt–C60) compound was synthesized by a chemical method. The Pt–C60 compound was amorphous according to x-ray diffraction results. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy results indicated that there existed charge transfer from Pt to C60. The total hydrogen absorption amount of the compound is about 1.6 wt %, but the work temperature is relatively high. The hydrogen storage properties of Pt–C60 compound are related to the valence electron dispersion of Pt.
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84.60.-h Direct energy conversion and storage
79.60.Bm Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces
82.80.Pv Electron spectroscopy (X-ray photoelectron (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), etc.)
78.30.Na Fullerenes and related materials

Phonon-mediated characterization of microelectromechanical resonators

Wai-Kin Wong and Moorthi Palaniapan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 064102 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2335781 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 8 August 2006

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The authors describe an acoustic-phonon technique for dynamic microelectromechanical device characterization. Proof of concept experiments using electrostatic resonators reveal a linear phonon to displacement relationship, with detection gain factors up to 25.2 mV/μm attained for packaged devices. Q values of 21 600 and 465 obtained at operating pressures of 6.0×10−6 and 760 Torr, respectively, conform to theoretical estimates. Duffing behavior for nonlinear resonator operation was also characterized as a third order response. As acoustic phonons are well detected on any external location for packaged devices, destructive depackaging for die probing is unnecessary, allowing noninvasive testing and high measurement throughput to be attained.
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85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing

Photocatalytic Ohmic layered nanocomposite for efficient utilization of visible light photons

Hyun Gyu Kim, Euh Duck Jeong, Pramod H. Borse, Seongho Jeon, Kijung Yong, Jae Sung Lee, Wei Li, and Se H. Oh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 064103 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2266237 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 8 August 2006

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The WO3/W/PbBi2Nb1.9Ti0.1O9 photocatalyst was fabricated by depositing the tungsten clusters over the p-type perovskite base material with the chemical vapor deposition method, and later partly oxidizing the surfaces of these clusters to obtain n-type WO3 overlayers and W metal layer as an Ohmic junction. This NCPC showed unprecedented high activity for the photocatalytic oxidation of water, photocurrent generation, and acetaldehyde decomposition under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm).
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82.45.Jn Surface structure, reactivity and catalysis
82.65.+r Surface and interface chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis at surfaces
82.50.Hp Processes caused by visible and UV light
82.45.Yz Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry
72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.)
82.30.Lp Decomposition reactions (pyrolysis, dissociation, and fragmentation)

How much charge is there on a pulsating Taylor cone?

Ioan Marginean, Peter Nemes, Lida Parvin, and Akos Vertes

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 064104 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2266889 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 8 August 2006

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The authors show that the capillary wave frequency spectrum of a charged droplet also gives an accurate estimate for the Taylor cone [ Proc. R. Soc. London A 280, 383 (1964) ] pulsation frequency. For low conductivity liquids and relatively large radius emitters, this frequency is mainly influenced by the anchoring radius at the emitter tip. For smaller tips the net amount of charge on the Taylor cone becomes increasingly significant. For example, the charge on pulsating Taylor cones with anchoring radii of 65 and 50 μm increases from 57% to 74%, when expressed as a percentage of the Rayleigh limit [ Philos. Mag. 14, 184 (1882) ] of the corresponding droplets with the same radii.
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47.35.Pq Capillary waves
47.55.D- Drops and bubbles
47.55.nb Capillary and thermocapillary flows
47.57.-s Complex fluids and colloidal systems

Straightforward biodegradable nanoparticle generation through megahertz-order ultrasonic atomization

Gareth Forde, James Friend, and Tom Williamson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 064105 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2221914 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 9 August 2006

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Simple and reliable formation of biodegradable nanoparticles formed from poly-ε-caprolactone was achieved using 1.645 MHz piston atomization of a source fluid of 0.5% w/v of the polymer dissolved in acetone; the particles were allowed to descend under gravity in air 8 cm into a 1 mM solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate. After centrifugation to remove surface agglomerations, a symmetric monodisperse distribution of particles ϕ 186 nm (SD = 5.7, n = 6) was obtained with a yield of 65.2%.
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81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural fibers; organometallic and organic materials
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
61.41.+e Polymers, elastomers, and plastics
82.30.Lp Decomposition reactions (pyrolysis, dissociation, and fragmentation)

Multiplexing radiography using a carbon nanotube based x-ray source

J. Zhang, G. Yang, Y. Z. Lee, S. Chang, J. P. Lu, and O. Zhou

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 064106 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2234744 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 9 August 2006

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Speed and temporal resolution are critical for tomographic imaging of objects in rapid motion. Current x-ray scanners record images sequentially in the time domain. The serial approach limits their performance and demands increasingly high x-ray peak power and gantry speed. We have developed a multipixel carbon nanotube based field emission x-ray source that produces spatially and temporally modulated radiations. Using this device we show the feasibility of multiplexing radiography that enables simultaneous collection of multiple projection images using frequency multiplexing. A drastic increase of the speed and reduction of the x-ray peak power are achieved without compromising the imaging quality.
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07.85.-m X- and γ-ray instruments
85.35.Kt Nanotube devices

Effect of size-asymmetric electrolyte on single-file osmosis

A. V. Raghunathan and N. R. Aluru

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 064107 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2335969 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 10 August 2006

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Single-file osmosis through a 0.9 nm diameter semipermeable carbon membrane using various size-asymmetric electrolyte solutions is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. In an uncharged pore, the osmotic flux with a KCl solution is found to be higher than that of in a NaCl solution, i.e., JKCl>JNaCl, for the same concentration gradient of solute. Mean force and hydration analysis indicate that distinct ion-water and ion-pore molecular interactions cause a differential cation and anion affinity to the pore, leading to the observed size-asymmetric electrolyte dependence on osmotic flux. The water orientation in the pore during osmosis is also related to the ion affinity and exhibits a size-asymmetric electrolyte dependence.
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82.45.Mp Thin layers, films, monolayers, membranes
82.45.Gj Electrolytes

Characteristics of millimeter wave microstrip antennas with left-handed materials substrates

Rui Yang, Yong-Jun Xie, Peng Wang, and Lei Li

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 064108 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2336741 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 10 August 2006

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Millimeter wave microstrip antennas with left-handed materials substrates are studied with method of moments. Discrete complex image method is extended to the computation of Green’s function in microstrip circuits with left-handed materials substrates. It is shown that this kind of antennas will achieve similar radiation patterns to the ones of conventional millimeter wave microstrip antennas in some cases, and can obtain radiation patterns characteristic of narrow main lobes with low elevation angles in other cases. Potential applications for directive antennas with these unusual radiation patterns of this kind of antennas are proposed.
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42.70.-a Optical materials
84.40.Ba Antennas: theory, components and accessories
02.30.-f Function theory, analysis

Turbid two-phase slug flow in a microtube: Simultaneous visualization of structure and velocity field

Yeh-Chan Ahn, Woonggyu Jung, and Zhongping Chen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 064109 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2267124 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 11 August 2006

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Frequency domain optical coherence tomography with phase-resolved algorithm is presented to perform high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of turbid two-phase slug flow in a microtube. Imaging and quantifying the interfacial structure and velocity field in a turbid two-phase flow are important to understand the mechanism of bioreactions and flow dynamics in biological systems. The authors demonstrate here that optical coherence tomography can measure detailed interfacial structures, bubble velocity, and velocity field inside liquid slugs. The radial liquid velocity was quantified without refraction correction. Two toroidal vortices per liquid slug were visualized which is the essential mechanism for radial heat and mass transfers.
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47.55.Ca Gas/liquid flows
47.61.Fg Flows in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS)
47.60.-i Flow phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional systems
47.80.Jk Flow visualization and imaging
47.55.dd Bubble dynamics
47.32.cb Vortex interactions
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