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1 Sep 1966

Volume 9, Issue 5, pp. 179-218


STIMULATED EMISSION FROM POLYMETHINE DYES

M. L. Spaeth and D. P. Bortfeld

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 179 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754699 (3 pages) | Cited 38 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Stimulated emission is reported for two polymethine dyes dissolved in glycerol when pumped by a Q‐switched ruby laser. The materials are 1, 1'‐diethyl‐2,2'‐dicarbocyanine iodide, and 1, 1'‐diethyl‐4, 4'‐carbocyanine iodide. The emission wavelength is variable over the range 750 nm to 790 nm, depending on cell length. Oscillation has been observed on both the 0–0 and 0–1 vibrational transitions.

ZEEMAN LASER INTERFEROMETER

J. A. Dahlquist, D. G. Peterson, and W. Culshaw

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 181 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754700 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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A laser interferometer which utilizes some Zeeman laser properties has been built and operated. The application of an axial magnetic field constrains a two‐mode 633‐nm He☒Ne laser to oscillate simultaneously as left‐ and right‐hand circularly polarized modes at the upper and lower cavity resonances, respectively. The two modes, separated by a quarter‐wave plate and polarizers, are sent through different arms of an interferometer, and are recombined and detected with a photomultiplier. Target motions in one arm, ranging from displacements of 10−6 cm at 12 kHz to 10 cm at 0.5 Hz, produced easily resolvable signals in this heterodyne device.

A PROPOSED METHOD OF SHIFTING THE FREQUENCY OF LIGHT WAVES

C. Yeh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 184 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754701 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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A simple method of shifting the frequency of light waves with precision, based on the Doppler principle, is proposed. The proposed system consists of two reflecting mirrors. One mirror is assumed to be moving with a velocity ν while the other mirror is assumed to be stationary. Practical limitations such as mirror loss, beam spread, etc., are discussed. A numerical example is also given.

DIRECT OBSERVATION OF THE EXCESS LIGHT HOLE POPULATION IN OPTICALLY PUMPED p‐TYPE GERMANIUM

J. M. Feldman and K. M. Hergenrother

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 186 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754702 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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We report the direct observation of conductivity modulation by heavy‐to‐light hole transitions in p‐type germanium. The resistance of a p‐type germanium bar was modulated by microsecond pulses of 10‐μ radiation from a Q‐switched CO2 laser. An estimate of the fast carrier lifetime is 10−12 sec. Direct observation of 20‐Mc ringing on the laser pulse is reported. The band‐to‐band type of transition permits room temperature operation.

EVIDENCE OF DISTANT‐PAIR RECOMBINATION PROCESSES IN THE GREEN‐EDGE EMISSION OF CdS AT 4.2° AND 77°K

George A. Condas and Jick H. Yee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 188 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754703 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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See Also: Erratum | Erratum

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The luminescence of single crystals of wurtizite CdS having a strong green‐edge emission was studied at 4.2° and 77°K as a function of exciting intensity of steady 3650‐Å light. The typical overlapping band structure of the green‐edge emission, a zero phonon band with ∼300 cm−1 phonon replica bands, was seen to shift to longer wavelengths with decreasing intensity of the exciting light. This behavior, seen in the green edge of GaP, suggests that the green edge arises from the recombination of electrons and holes trapped on distant donor and acceptor pairs.

AN ACOUSTIC LIGHT MODULATOR FOR 10.6 μ

R. W. Dixon and A. N. Chester

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 190 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754704 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Bragg diffraction from longitudinal acoustic waves in tellurium is employed to modulate the 10.6‐μ output of a CO2☒He laser. Two of the photoelastic tensor components are obtained and it is shown that the efficiency with which an acoustic wave in tellurium diffracts light greatly exceeds that of any other known material.

DOPPLER CONVERSION AND ADIABATIC TIME DOMAIN CONVERSION OF ACOUSTIC AND SPIN WAVES

B. A. Auld and C. S. Tsai

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 192 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754705 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Two new processes for magnetoelastic or transverse to longitudinal acoustic conversion in a ferromagnet are described. Transmission of a small signal through a travelling step‐function magnetic field produces a wave with Doppler‐shifted frequency and a wave number which is approximately unchanged. By suitably adjusting the input and output conditions, various kinds of magnetoelastic and acoustic‐acoustic conversion can be achieved. Conversion of this kind also occurs when the incoming wave is subjected to a magnetic field which varies slowly in time but is uniform in space (adiabatic conversion).

X‐RAY FIBER OPTICS

L. Marton

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 194 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754706 (2 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

INVESTIGATION OF SPECTRAL BLEACHING IN PASSIVE Q‐SWITCH DYES

C. R. Giuliano and L. D. Hess

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 196 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754707 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The bleaching characteristics of saturable dyes have been studied by varying the spectral width of a Q‐switched ruby laser. Recent reports of mode selection properties of dyes used as passive Q switches and of absorption spectra of dyes while in the bleached state have been interpreted in terms of narrow spectral saturation (``hole‐burning''). This view implies that certain dyes have inhomogeneously broadened absorption bands consisting of relatively narrow components. Our results indicate that the lower limit to the width of these components for cryptocyanine is ∼1 cm−1.

THE EFFECT OF ABSORBER CONCENTRATION ON A PULSED LASER SYSTEM

C. Y. She and Ang‐Tiek Tan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 198 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754708 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The threshold energy and the time of yielding the first laser pulse as a function of absorber concentration are experimentally determined. In cooperation with the coupled rate equations of the system, the effect of absorber concentration on the performance of a pulsed laser system is studied. The experimental data are processed in such a way to allow a direct determination of pumping dynamics through the parameters nt and tp, and to measure the relative absorption cross section of cryptocyanine and ruby by observing the laser output only.

SOME EFFECTS OF Zn DIFFUSION ON Mn‐DOPED GaAs

R. F. Peart, K. Weiser, J. Woodall, and R. Fern

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 200 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754709 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Radiotracer techniques have been used to show that Zn diffusion into an originally uniformly Mn‐doped GaAs wafer produces marked changes in the Mn concentration profile, resulting in a large minimum behind and a small minimum ahead of the Zn diffusion front. A model which assumes that Mn is an amphoteric impurity in GaAs is proposed to explain these changes.

DEEP (1–10 μ) PENETRATION OF ION‐IMPLANTED DONORS IN SILICON

R. W. Bower, R. Baron, J. W. Mayer, and O. J. Marsh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 203 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754710 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Deep penetration of donors has been observed as a result of 20‐kV Sb ion implantations into 〈110〉‐ and 〈111〉‐oriented, high‐resistivity silicon. The density profiles were measured by a capacitance‐voltage method. The deep penetrating tail was found to be independent of such experimental parameters as temperature of implant (for T ≥ 300°C), orientation, annealing, and surface condition; and to empirically follow a N ∝ (x + B)2.2 dependence over four orders of magnitude (B ≈ 0.15 μ). This component has not been observed previously in silicon and has a different dependence on implantation parameters and a different functional form than that observed in ion channeling.

DERIVATION OF THE RELATION BETWEEN TWO WEAKLY COUPLED NONLINEAR OPTICAL OSCILLATORS

H. de Lang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 205 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754711 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

AVALANCHE RADIATION FROM THE BULK OF LONG, THIN, FORWARD‐BIASED p+‐p‐n+ SILICON DIODES

G. G. Harman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 207 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754712 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Avalanche radiation has been observed from the bulk of long, thin, forward‐biased p+‐p‐n+ silicon diodes with applied field strengths as low as 1000 V∕cm. At higher fields, surface arc erosion streaks occurred and these followed crystallographic plane directions rather than the applied field orientation. Possible explanations are given for the several effects that contribute to the observed phenomena.

RESISTIVITY OF THIN SILVER LAYERS DURING HEAVY‐ION IRRADIATION

Vlada Teodosić

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 209 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754713 (4 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

HOLOGRAPHIC DIFFRACTION GRATINGS

Nicholas George and J. W. Matthews

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 212 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754714 (4 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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From a careful evaluation of a very simple hologram, the photographically produced grating, we have been able to obtain quantitative data on image reconstruction efficiency as a function of processing procedures and illumination parameters such as orientation angle and wavelength. Experimental results are presented which show the dependence of efficiency on exposure, both before and after bleaching of the emulsion layer. In addition, the orientation sensitivity of thick‐emulsion holograms is studied, and it is shown that maximum diffracted power occurs when the Bragg reflection condition is satisfied.

WHITE‐LIGHT RECONSTRUCTION OF COLOR IMAGES FROM BLACK‐AND‐WHITE VOLUME HOLOGRAMS RECORDED ON SHEET FILM

George W. Stroke and Richard G. Zech

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 215 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754715 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The method of ``white‐light reflection holography'' first described by Stroke and Labeyrie (Physics Letters 20, 368, March 1, 1966) and subsequently verified by a number of authors, has now been extended to the recording of volume holograms in 6–7‐μ‐thick Kodak 649F emulsions on sheet film, with a quality in the reconstructed images comparing favorably with the images reconstructed from the 17‐μ‐thick emulsions on glass plates used heretofore. The results presented have also permitted us to further verify a simple ``crystallographic'' theory of the method, first used by Stroke and Labeyrie (ibid.) and further described by G. W. Stroke in a subsequent paper.
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Erratum: A Zone‐Plate Aperture for Enhancing Resolution in Phase‐Contrast Electron Microscopy

C. B. Eisenhandler and B. M. Siegel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 217 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754716 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Erratum: High‐Energy Atomic Iodine Photodissociation Laser

A. J. DeMaria and C. J. Ultee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 218 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754717 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Erratum: Determination of the Absorption Edge of the ZnS Polytypes by Contact Photography with UV

O. Brafman and I. T. Steinberger

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 218 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754718 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Erratum: Continuous‐Wave Submillimeter Oscillation in H2O, D2O, and CH3CN

Walter M. Müller and Gail T. Flesher

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 218 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754719 (1 page) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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