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1 Nov 1966

Volume 9, Issue 9, pp. 321-351


STATISTICAL RANGE DISTRIBUTION OF IONS IN SINGLE AND MULTIPLE ELEMENT SUBSTRATES

W. S. Johnson and J. F. Gibbons

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 321 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754768 (2 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The distribution of energetic ions implanted into an amorphous target is approximately Gaussian and can therefore be characterized by quoting a mean 〈R〉 and standard deviation σR for the range. A computer program has been written which calculates and plots 〈R〉 and σR as a function of energy for any ion impinging on either a single‐ or multiple‐element substrate. Typical results for ions of interest in Si and SiO2 are presented.

PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION AND OSCILLATIONS IN STRUCTURED SUPERCONDUCTING TIN FILMS

R. V. D'Aiello and S. J. Freedman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 323 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754769 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Parametric amplification and side‐band oscillations have been observed using thin superconducting films at 7.2 GHz. The amplification and oscillations are associated with discontinuities in the pump power vs frequency response of the films and with slits cut into the films. When operated in a parametric mode, a net gain of 12 dB was achieved. The oscillations occur in symmetrical pairs about the pump at 1‐MHz intervals and are very sensitive to an applied dc magnetic field of approximately 0.1 G.

ANOMALOUS POLARITY‐DEPENDENT ELECTROOPTIC EFFECT IN CUBIC ZnS AND ZnTe

R. A. Myers and C. G. Powell

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 326 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754770 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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An electrooptic effect with noncubic symmetry has been observed in cubic single crystals of ZnS and ZnTe. It is anomalous in that for one field polarity the result is an apparent decrease in the birefringence for small voltages rather than the expected increase. A likely explanation is the presence in our samples of a small polar strain, which is partially removed by one polarity electric field.

SOUND HOLOGRAMS AND OPTICAL RECONSTRUCTION

R. K. Mueller and N. K. Sheridon

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 328 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754771 (2 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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A hologram has been made of an object illuminated by ultrasound, using the deformation of the water surface by radiation pressure. An optical reconstruction of this sound hologram with laser light has been achieved.

THE FAR INFRARED OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF LiNbO3

D. R. Bosomworth

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 330 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754772 (2 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The absorption coefficients and indices of refraction of LiNbO3 at 300°K have been measured with polarized radiation in the 100‐ to 1000‐μ wavelength region. The ordinary ray absorption coefficient is approximately twice that for extraordinary ray radiation. Both absorption coefficients decrease significantly on cooling from 300°K to 80°K. LiNbO3 shows a large far infrared birefringence and appreciable dispersion.

PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION IN THE FAR INFRARED

C. K. N. Patel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 332 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754773 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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We report the observation of parametric amplification of far infrared radiation in a crystal of tellurium which was pumped at 10.6 μ by a CO2 laser. A gain of 3 dB was measured at 17.888‐μ wavelength which was obtained from a far IR neon laser. Comparison between calculated and measured values of gain show reasonable agreement.

EXPANSION RATES OF THE LUMINOUS FRONT OF A LASER‐PRODUCED PLASMA

Hugo Weichel and P. V. Avizonis

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 334 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754774 (4 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The expansion velocity of the luminous front of a plasma plume created by a giant pulse laser has been measured both as a function of time during the laser pulse and as a function of position in front of the pyrolitic graphite target. The initial velocity of the vapor appears to agree with the sublimation temperature of pyrolitic graphite. The subsequent vapor absorption of laser radiation produced peak final expansion velocities of 7 × 106 cm∕sec. The luminous front was found to accelerate from 4.8 × 105 to 7.0 × 106 cm∕sec within a 0.3‐cm distance for a laser energy density of 700 J∕cm2.

FOCUSED‐IMAGE HOLOGRAPHY WITH EXTENDED SOURCES

Lowell Rosen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 337 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754775 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Focused‐image holograms have been made with good results using an extended coherent source as a reference wavefront in the recording process and a different extended source in the reconstruction process. The technique is uncritical and requires no source compensation.

SIMULATION OF THE SOLAR WIND INTERACTION WITH COMETS

L. Danielsson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 339 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754776 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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A model experiment simulating the interaction between the solar wind and comets is described. A plasma stream of 107 cm∕sec and 1013 protons∕cm3 undergoes a collisionless interaction with a cloud of CO2 gas sublimated from a piece of dry ice. Time‐resolved photographs show a well‐defined, comet‐like structure around the dry ice. An extended tail is formed by ions dragged along with the plasma stream. The ionization and acceleration processes are discussed in the light of a possible mechanism based on frozen‐in magnetic fields.

ON ULTRASONIC ATTENUATION IN NICKEL SINGLE CRYSTALS

B. K. Basu and P. P. Sethna

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 341 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754777 (2 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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A peak has been observed in the ultrasonic attenuation in a nickel single crystal with a constant uniaxial stress and varying magnetic field. The occurrence of the peak is explained on the basis of changes in domain boundary configuration.

THE CW PUMPING OF YAG:Nd3+ BY WATER‐COOLED KRYPTON ARCS

T. B. Read

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 342 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754778 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Calculations, based on the crystal absorption and the lamp emission spectra, and also experimental crystal pumping tests have shown that a water‐cooled krypton arc is approximately twice as efficient as a xenon arc or a tungsten‐iodine filament lamp for the CW pumping of YAG:Nd3+ at room temperature.

EFFECT OF SURFACE STATES ON ELECTRON MOBILITY IN SILICON SURFACE‐INVERSION LAYERS

Emil Arnold and Gerald Abowitz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 344 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754779 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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DC channel conductance of a number of experimental MOS transistor structures was measured and results used to calculate the surface state density and field‐effect mobility. The mobility was found to increase with decreasing surface state concentration and to approach bulk mobility in samples with the lowest number of surface states. This behavior is shown to be consistent with Coulomb scattering by electrons trapped in surface states.

ELECTROABSORPTION AT THE OPTICAL ABSORPTION EDGE OF AMORPHOUS Se

R. E. Drews

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 347 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754780 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Electroabsorption at the optical absorption edge of amorphous Se (Ep ∼ 1.7–2.2 eV) has been investigated. The measurements were made at room temperature on vacuum‐deposited layers of Se. Interpretations of the effect in terms of either a Franz‐Keldysh effect or a quadratic Stark shift of localized states are suggested.

A SIMPLE METHOD FOR MEASURING ELECTRON DENSITY IN A PLASMA

J. Shtricker

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 349 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754781 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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A simple method is presented for measuring electron densities in shock waves or plasmas. It measures the attenuation of low‐power transmitted uhf waves through the plasma. The instrument has good time resolution and is inexpensive. It needs an independent absolute calibration.
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Erratum: Evidence of Distant‐Pair Recombination Processes in the Green‐Edge

George A. Condas and Jick H. Yee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 351 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754782 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Erratum: The Use of Vacuum‐Evaporated Gold Films to Investigate the Oxidation Mechanism of Metals

J. P. Foster and R. J. Reynik

Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 351 (1966); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754783 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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