APL Nameplate
  • Volume/Page
  • Keyword
  • DOI
  • Citation
  • Advanced
   
 
 
 

Flickr Twitter iResearch App Facebook

BROWSE VOLUMES

Year Range: 
Search Issue | RSS Feeds RSS
Next Issue

1 Jan 2007

Volume 90, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 012105 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2428402 (3 pages)

Jan Bauer, Frank Fleischer, Otwin Breitenstein, Luise Schubert, Peter Werner, Ulrich Gösele, and Margit Zacharias
Enlarge Image | Read More
Page 1 of 5 Pages Next Page | Jump to Page
back to top
RSS Feeds
FREE

Editorial

Nghi Q. Lam

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 010401 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2442354 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 12 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Show PACS
01.10.Cr Announcements, news, and awards
back to top
RSS Feeds

Blue quantum electroabsorption modulators based on reversed quantum confined Stark effect with blueshift

Emre Sari, Sedat Nizamoglu, Tuncay Ozel, and Hilmi Volkan Demir

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011101 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2424642 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 2 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The authors present the design, growth, fabrication, experimental characterization, and theoretical analysis of blue quantum electroabsorption modulators that incorporate ∼ 5 nm thick In0.35Ga0.65N/GaN quantum structures for operation between 420 and 430 nm. Growing on polar c plane on sapphire, they obtain quantum structures with zigzag potential profile due to alternating polarization fields and demonstrate that their optical absorption blueshifts with applied electric field, unlike the redshift of conventional quantum confined Stark effect. In InGaN/GaN quantum structures, they report the largest absorption change of 6000 cm−1 for 6 V bias swing around 424 nm, holding promise for blue optical clock generation and injection directly into silicon chips.
Show PACS
42.79.Hp Optical processors, correlators, and modulators
42.15.Eq Optical system design
78.20.Jq Electro-optical effects
78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors

Nanoporous leaky waveguide based chemical and biological sensors with broadband spectroscopy

Zhi-Mei Qi, Itaru Honma, and Haoshen Zhou

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011102 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2424643 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 2 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Here the authors demonstrate spectral optical chemical and biological sensors based on a nanoporous thin-film leaky waveguide that were fabricated by dip coating the gold-layer-covered glass substrate from the colloidal TiO2 solution. The sensor operates by interrogating the resonance wavelengths for the leaky modes in a broad bandwidth using the Kretschmann configuration. Sensitivities of the sensor to refractive index of liquid and protein adsorption were investigated and compared with the spectral surface plasmon resonance sensors. The best fitting to the experimental data was carried out with the Fresnel equations, and thickness and porosity of the nanoporous waveguiding layer were determined.
Show PACS
87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
82.80.-d Chemical analysis and related physical methods of analysis
87.14.E- Proteins
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing

Near-infrared camera in polycrystalline germanium integrated on complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor electronics

Lorenzo Colace, Gianlorenzo Masini, Stefano Cozza, Gaetano Assanto, Francesco DeNotaristefani, and Valentino Cencelli

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011103 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2425018 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 2 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The authors demonstrate a two-dimensional array of Si-integrated photodetectors equipped with readout electronics and operating in the near infrared. The chip is realized in polycrystalline Ge on a silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor circuitry and includes 512 pixels, 64 analog to digital converters, dark current cancellation, and test/calibration facilities. They describe its design, fabrication, characterization, and operation as a near-infrared image sensor.
Show PACS
85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
42.79.Pw Imaging detectors and sensors
85.30.Tv Field effect devices
84.30.-r Electronic circuits

Volume Fresnel zone plates fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing

Pornsak Srisungsitthisunti, Okan K. Ersoy, and Xianfan Xu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011104 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2425026 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 2 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
In this letter, volume Fresnel zone plates fabricated inside fused silica using femtosecond laser direct writing are demonstrated. A volume zone plate consists of a number of layers of Fresnel zone plates designed to focus light together. Results indicate that volume Fresnel zone plates increase the overall diffraction efficiency significantly. Phase zone plates yield considerably higher diffraction efficiency due to a number of reasons including negligible light absorption, robustness against fabrication phase errors, and minimum interference between different zone plates in a volume.
Show PACS
42.79.Ci Filters, zone plates, and polarizers
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression
42.62.-b Laser applications

Mode behavior in InAs midinfrared whispering gallery lasers

G. Norris, A. Krier, V. V. Sherstnev, A. Monakhov, and A. Baranov

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011105 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2426903 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 2 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The authors report on the spectral properties of the modes in midinfrared whispering gallery lasers based on InAs. The behavior of the modes excited in cylindrical disk, pillbox, and mesa etched ridge resonators has been studied. The excitation of whispering gallery modes in these structures is found to depend strongly on the contact electrode and its location from the perimeter of the resonator. The authors also report on the threshold current and temperature sensitivity of different resonator and electrode combinations.
Show PACS
42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings

Spatial coherence properties of a compact and ultrafast laser-produced plasma keV x-ray source

D. Boschetto, G. Mourou, A. Rousse, A. Mordovanakis, Bixue Hou, J. Nees, D. Kumah, and R. Clarke

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011106 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2426941 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 3 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The authors use Fresnel diffraction from knife-edges to demonstrate the spatial coherence of a tabletop ultrafast x-ray source produced by laser-plasma interaction. Spatial coherence is achieved in the far field by producing micrometer-scale x-ray spot dimensions. The results show an x-ray source size of 6 μm that leads to a transversal coherence length of 20 μm at a distance of 60 cm from the source. Moreover, they show that the source size is limited by the spatial spread of the absorbed laser energy.
Show PACS
52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
52.38.Dx Laser light absorption in plasmas (collisional, parametric, etc.)
07.85.Fv X- and γ-ray sources, mirrors, gratings, and detectors
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression

Development of latent images due to transient free carrier electrons by femtosecond laser pulses and its application to grating shape trimming

Ken-ichi Kawamura, Takukazu Otsuka, Masahiro Hirano, Toshio Kamiya, and Hideo Hosono

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011107 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2426963 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 3 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The effects of prepulse exposure on the threshold energy to encode a micrograting structure on a SiO2 glass surface by a prepulse-postpulse exposure technique using femtosecond ( ∼ 150 fs pulse duration) laser pulse irradiation were examined by measuring the laser intensity diffracted by the microgratings. It was revealed that prepulse exposure reduces the threshold energy of the postpulse from ∼ 0.4 to  ∼ 0.2 J cm−2, which enables to develop a latent image of the free carriers generated by the prepulse with the postpulse. This technique was applied to trim the shape of the micrograting pattern with the prepulse pattern. The role of the prepulse was investigated by comparing the dynamics of the photoexcited carriers in two dielectrics (SiO2 glass and MgO single crystal) that have largely different lifetimes of photoexcited carriers. It was determined that the ultrashort relaxation time of the photoexcited carriers in SiO2 glass limits the time delay of the postpulse to develop a latent image.
Show PACS
42.79.Dj Gratings
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression

Doping effect of multiwall carbon nanotubes on the microwave electromagnetic properties of NiCoZn spinel ferrites

Mangui Han and Longjiang Deng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011108 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2429020 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 3 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
NiCoZn ferrites have been found exhibiting two well separated resonance peaks. One is due to domain wall movement at 1.76 GHz. One is due to spin rotation at 6.80 GHz. With increasing the content of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the NiCoZn ferrite/MWCNT/wax hybrid composites, both resonance peaks are maintained, but their peak positions are found dependent on the MWCNT content. The damping factor for spin rotation is found decreasing as the content of MWCNT in composites increases. The dielectric loss of hybrid composites is also found significantly increased by increasing the content of MWCNT. The doping effects of MWCNT are thought due to the interaction between the ferrite and MWCNT. The microwave permeability of pure MWCNT has also been investigated, and it is believed due to the residual nanosized Ni particles.
Show PACS
76.50.+g Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic resonances; spin-wave resonance
75.50.Gg Ferrimagnetics
75.60.Ch Domain walls and domain structure
75.40.Gb Dynamic properties (dynamic susceptibility, spin waves, spin diffusion, dynamic scaling, etc.)
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects

Effect of liquid crystal concentration on the lasing properties of dye-doped holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal transmission gratings

Y. J. Liu, X. W. Sun, H. I. Elim, and W. Ji

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011109 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2426885 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 3 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Optically pumped single-mode lasing was achieved from a 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran dye-doped holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal transmission grating with various liquid crystal concentrations, which played an important role in the lasing generation and wavelength selection. With the decrease of the liquid crystal concentration, under the excitation of a frequency-doubled Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet laser operating at 532 nm, the lasing wavelength was blueshifted, and the full width at half maximum of the lasing peak became narrower. The lowest threshold pumping energy was found to be about 5 μJ∕pulse at a liquid crystal concentration of 19.7 wt %. The lasing emission was thermally switchable due to the change of the refractive index modulation.
Show PACS
42.55.-f Lasers
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.70.Hj Laser materials
42.70.Df Liquid crystals
61.30.Pq Microconfined liquid crystals: droplets, cylinders, randomly confined liquid crystals, polymer dispersed liquid crystals, and porous systems
42.40.Eq Holographic optical elements; holographic gratings

Transmission measurement at 10.6 μm of Te2As3Se5 rib waveguides on As2S3 substrate

C. Vigreux-Bercovici, E. Bonhomme, A. Pradel, J.-E. Broquin, L. Labadie, and P. Kern

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011110 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430404 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The feasibility of chalcogenide rib waveguides working at λ = 10.6 μm has been demonstrated. The waveguides comprised a several micron thick Te2As3Se5 film deposited by thermal evaporation on a polished As2S3 glass substrate and further etched by physical etching in Ar or CF4/O2 atmosphere. Output images at 10.6 μm and some propagation losses roughly estimated at 10 dB/cm proved that the obtained structures behaved as channel waveguides with a good lateral confinement of the light. The work opens the doors to the realization of components able to work in the mid- and thermal infrared up to 20 μm and even more.
Show PACS
42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers

Increase in midwave infrared light emitting diode light output due to substrate thinning and texturing

N. C. Das

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011111 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430484 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Midwave infrared (MWIR) light sources with high optical power are required for many applications. The authors report here the MWIR (3.8 μm peak) light emission from an interband cascade light emitting diode (LED) structure with 18 cascaded active/injection regions grown on GaSb substrate. The light emission is observed from the substrate side of the device. An increase of six times of light output power is observed due to substrate thinning and another 50% increase is observed due to texturing the emission surface. The authors observed 400 μW emission power for room temperature operation with 15 mA LED injection current. Experiments were carried out with different grating patterns and etch depths. The device with a 2 μm square grating and a 1 μm etch depth has the highest optical emission power.
Show PACS
85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices

Electrically tunable negative permeability metamaterials based on nematic liquid crystals

Qian Zhao, Lei Kang, Bo Du, Bo Li, Ji Zhou, Hong Tang, Xiao Liang, and Baizhe Zhang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011112 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430485 (3 pages) | Cited 61 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
An electrically tunable negative permeability metamaterial consisting of a periodic array of split ring resonators infiltrated with nematic liquid crystals is demonstrated. It shows that the transmitted resonance dip of the metamaterial can be continuously and reversibly adjusted by an applied electric field, and the maximum shift is about 210 MHz with respect to the resonance frequency around 11.08 GHz. Numerical simulation shows that the permeability is negative near the resonance frequency, and the frequency range with negative permeability can be dynamically adjusted and widened by about 200 MHz by the electric field. It provides a convenient means to design adaptive metamaterials.
Show PACS
42.70.Df Liquid crystals
61.30.-v Liquid crystals
78.20.Jq Electro-optical effects

Two-dimensional AlGaInP/GaInP photonic crystal membrane lasers operating in the visible regime at room temperature

A. Chen, S. J. Chua, G. C. Xing, W. Ji, X. H. Zhang, J. R. Dong, L. K. Jian, and E. A. Fitzgerald

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011113 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430488 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The authors report on the fabrication and characterization of visible two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) band-edge lasers with AlGaInP/GaInP multiple-quantum-well active layers. High-quality PhC air-bridge membranes are produced by optimizing the inductively coupled plasma etching process for AlGaInP materials. Room-temperature lasing operation at the wavelengths ranging from 630 to 690 nm is obtained by tuning the PhC lattice parameters. The lasing action originates from high-symmetry band-edge modes, which is verified by three-dimensional finite difference time domain computation.
Show PACS
42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.55.Tv Photonic crystal lasers and coherent effects
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking

Observation of low optical overlap mode propagation in nanoscale indium phosphide membrane waveguides

R. D. Whaley, Jr., M. H. Kwakernaak, V. B. Khalfin, S. A. Lipp, W. K. Chan, H. An, and J. H. Abeles

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011114 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430624 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The authors have developed a nanoscale, rib-loaded waveguide that propagates a low optical overlap mode (LOOM) in which less than 1% of the modal field energy resides in the semiconductor material. Because of the small modal fill factor, the potential for extremely low waveguide propagation loss, on the order of 0.001 dB or less, is predicted. Elevated membrane waveguides, 50 nm thick with a 50 nm thick rib, have been fabricated in InP using a multistep microelectromechanical release process. Both transverse electric and transverse magnetic LOOM propagations have been observed and measurements are compared to theoretical predictions.
Show PACS
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems

Spontaneous emission control of colloidal nanocrystals using nanoimprinted photonic crystals

V. Reboud, N. Kehagias, C. M. Sotomayor Torres, M. Zelsmann, M. Striccoli, M. L. Curri, A. Agostiano, M. Tamborra, M. Fink, F. Reuther, and G. Gruetzner

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011115 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430625 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The authors report on the fabrication and optical characterizations of two-dimensional photonic crystals fabricated by nanoimprint lithography in a nanocomposite polymer incorporating highly luminescent and red emitting (CdSe)ZnS core-shell colloidal nanocrystals. Photonic crystal structures enhance the light emitted from the quantum sized nanoparticles in the composite layer by slowing the propagation speed of the photons, thus increasing the coupling to the out-of-plane radiative modes. A 200% enhancement of the light collection is achieved compared to an unpatterned sample.
Show PACS
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
81.16.Nd Micro- and nanolithography
78.55.Et II-VI semiconductors
82.70.Dd Colloids

Efficient source of high purity polarization-entangled photon pairs in the 1550 nm telecommunication band

Tae-Gon Noh, Heonoh Kim, Taehyoung Zyung, and Jaewan Kim

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011116 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2429025 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The authors present an efficient source of high purity polarization-entangled photon pairs in the standard 1550 nm telecommunication band using a type-II degenerate parametric downconversion process. They first measured the spatial intensity distributions of the downconverted light to verify the beamlike, collinear, and noncollinear generations at the 1550 nm wavelength. All four Bell states could easily be generated by selecting the intersection of two downconverted light cones in the noncollinear phase matching. They observed two-photon fringe visibilities of up to 98±3% and violations of Bell’s inequality by up to nine standard deviations when the accidental coincidences were subtracted.
Show PACS
03.65.Ud Entanglement and quantum nonlocality (e.g. EPR paradox, Bell's inequalities, GHZ states, etc.)
42.50.Dv Quantum state engineering and measurements
42.65.Lm Parametric down conversion and production of entangled photons
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation

Selective growth of absorptive InGaAsP layer on InP corrugation for a buried grating structure

W. Feng, J. Q. Pan, Y. B. Cheng, Z. Y. Liao, B. J. Wang, F. Zhou, L. J. Zhao, H. L. Zhu, and W. Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011117 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2429908 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A buried grating structure with a selectively grown absorptive InGaAsP layer was fabricated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence. The InP corrugation was etched by introducing a SiO2 mask that was more stable than a conventional photoresist mask during the etching process. Moreover, the corrugation was efficaciously preserved during the selective growth of the absorptive layer with the SiO2 mask. Though this absorptive layer was only selectively grown on the concave region of the corrugation, it has a high intensity around the peak wavelength in comparison with that of InGaAlAs multiple quantum well, which was grown on the buried grating structure.
Show PACS
81.05.Ea III-V semiconductors
81.15.-z Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy
81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning
68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors
78.55.Cr III-V semiconductors
42.79.Dj Gratings

Unconditionally secure one-way quantum key distribution using decoy pulses

Z. L. Yuan, A. W. Sharpe, and A. J. Shields

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011118 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430685 (3 pages) | Cited 32 times

Online Publication Date: 5 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF


See Also: Erratum

Show Abstract
The authors report here a complete experimental realization of one-way decoy pulse quantum key distribution, demonstrating an unconditionally secure key rate of 5.51 kbits/s for a 25.3 km fiber length. This is two orders of magnitudes higher than the value that can be obtained with a nondecoy system. They also introduce a simple test for detecting the photon number splitting attack and highlight that it is essential for the security of the technique to fully characterize the source and detectors used.
Show PACS
03.67.Dd Quantum cryptography and communication security
42.50.-p Quantum optics
03.67.Hk Quantum communication
42.79.Sz Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and demultiplexers

High power 2.4 μm heavily strained type-I quantum well GaSb-based diode lasers with more than 1 W of continuous wave output power and a maximum power-conversion efficiency of 17.5%

L. Shterengas, G. Belenky, M. V. Kisin, and D. Donetsky

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011119 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430012 (3 pages) | Cited 29 times

Online Publication Date: 5 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The authors demonstrate a double quantum well GaSb-based diode laser operating at 2.4 μm with a room-temperature cw output power of 1050 mW and a maximum power-conversion efficiency of 17.5%. Laser differential gain with respect to current increases by a factor of 2 and laser threshold current is nearly halved when the compressive strain in the quantum wells is increased from 1.2% to 1.6%. This improvement is due to substantially improved hole confinement in the heavily compressively strained active region.
Show PACS
42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
back to top
RSS Feeds

Nanoillumination based on self-focus and field enhancement inside a subwavelength metallic structure

Cheng Liu, Nanguang Chen, and Colin Sheppard

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011501 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2425029 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 2 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A subwavelength metallic structure is proposed to generate superstrong nanoillumination. Its attractive features are presented numerically with finite-difference time-domain method. By combining a subwavelength slit and a nanohole together into metallic screen, the light illuminated on the surface of the screen is firstly squeezed into the subwavelength slit with the aid of the generated surface plasmon, and then during propagation to the exit end of the slit, the light is focused on a nanohole fabricated at the bottom of the slit due to the self-imaging effect and is further enhanced by the transmission resonance when passing through the nanohole. Because of these three successive enhancement processes, the light from the nanohole could become thousand times stronger than the incident light and accordingly could have great potentials for applications in optical data storage, super-resolution imaging, lithography, photonics, and other applications that need nanoillumination.
Show PACS
42.72.-g Optical sources and standards
42.65.Jx Beam trapping, self-focusing and defocusing; self-phase modulation
78.68.+m Optical properties of surfaces

Thomson scattering diagnostics of the plasma generated in a hollow anode with a ferroelectric plasma source

D. Yarmolich, V. Vekselman, J. Z. Gleizer, Y. Hadas, J. Felsteiner, and Ya. E. Krasik

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011502 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2426886 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 2 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Thomson scattering of a laser beam was applied to study the plasma parameters inside a hollow anode having a ferroelectric plasma source incorporated in it. This method allowed avoiding difficulties related to spectroscopical measurements in the case of unknown electron energy distribution. It was found that the electron density and energy of the ferroelectric plasma are ∼ 1015 cm−3 and ⩽ 5 eV, respectively, and the density of the hollow anode bulk plasma is ∼ 6×1013 cm−3. Applying an accelerating pulse for electron extraction from the bulk plasma leads to an increase in the electron density and energy of the ferroelectric plasma up to 6×1016 cm−3 and ⩽ 20 eV, respectively.
Show PACS
52.70.Kz Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
52.50.Dg Plasma sources
52.38.Ph X-ray, γ-ray, and particle generation

Distribution of electric field in the sheath of an electronegative plasma

K. Takizawa, A. Kono, and K. Sasaki

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011503 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2429026 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 3 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The authors measured the distribution of electric field in the sheath formed between an electronegative Ar/SF6 plasma and a biased electrode by laser-induced fluorescence-dip spectroscopy. It was found that the electric field in the sheath of an electronegative plasma had a stepwise structure, which was due to the reflection of negative ions at a localized distance from the electrode. The electric field observed in an electronegative plasma was compared with a theoretical calculation based on a fluid model.
Show PACS
52.40.Kh Plasma sheaths
52.70.Kz Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements
back to top
RSS Feeds

Intense visible photoluminescence in Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 thin films

L. S. Cavalcante, M. F. C. Gurgel, A. Z. Simões, E. Longo, J. A. Varela, M. R. Joya, and P. S. Pizani

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011901 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2425013 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 2 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Photoluminescence at room temperature in Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 thin films was explained by the degree of structural order-disorder. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and first principles quantum mechanical measurements were performed. The film annealed at 400 °C for 4 h presents intense visible photoluminescence behavior at room temperature. The increase of temperature and annealing time creates [ZrO6]–[TiO6] clusters in the lattice leading to the trapping of electrons and holes. Thus, [ZrO5]–[TiO6]/[ZrO6]–[TiO6] clusters were the main reason for the photoluminescence behavior.
Show PACS
78.66.-w Optical properties of specific thin films
78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials
78.40.Ha Other nonmetallic inorganics
81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments
77.55.-g Dielectric thin films

Imaging of closed cracks using nonlinear response of elastic waves at subharmonic frequency

Yoshikazu Ohara, Tsuyoshi Mihara, Ryouta Sasaki, Toshihiro Ogata, Setsu Yamamoto, Yuuki Kishimoto, and Kazushi Yamanaka

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011902 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2426891 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 2 January 2007

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The authors constructed a novel apparatus based on subharmonic ultrasound for the accurate imaging of closed cracks. Linear and nonlinear responses not only from the tip but also from other parts of cracks were observed in fundamental and subharmonic images, which were changed with varying closure stress. The subharmonic images always gave an accurate length of partially closed cracks, in contrast to the fundamental images in which the crack length was underestimated. Significant similarities in generation and resonance phenomena of subharmonic waves, acoustic emission, and the vibration of microbubbles are discussed.
Show PACS
81.40.Np Fatigue, corrosion fatigue, embrittlement, cracking, fracture, and failure
62.20.M- Structural failure of materials
62.65.+k Acoustical properties of solids
Page 1 of 5 Pages Next Page | Jump to Page
Close

Google Calendar

ADVERTISEMENT

Go to AIP Home   © AIP Publishing LLC
close