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7 May 2007

Volume 90, Issue 19, Articles (19xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 193501 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2737344 (3 pages)

Peter Modregger, Daniel Lübbert, Peter Schäfer, and Rolf Köhler
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Epitaxially stabilized growth of orthorhombic LuScO3 thin films

T. Heeg, M. Roeckerath, J. Schubert, W. Zander, Ch. Buchal, H. Y. Chen, C. L. Jia, Y. Jia, C. Adamo, and D. G. Schlom

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 192901 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2737136 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 7 May 2007

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Metastable lutetium scandate (LuScO3) thin films with an orthorhombic perovskite structure have been prepared by molecular-beam epitaxy and pulsed-laser deposition on NdGaO3(110) and DyScO3(110) substrates. Stoichiometry and crystallinity were investigated using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/channeling, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that LuScO3, which normally only exists as a solid solution of Sc2O3 and Lu2O3 with the cubic bixbyite structure, can be grown in the orthorhombically distorted perovskite structure. Rocking curves as narrow as 0.05° were achieved. A critical film thickness of approximately 200 nm for the epitaxially stabilized perovskite polymorph of LuScO3 on NdGaO3(110) substrates was determined.
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68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
61.66.Bi Elemental solids
61.66.Dk Alloys
81.15.Hi Molecular, atomic, ion, and chemical beam epitaxy
81.15.Fg Pulsed laser ablation deposition

Stable electro-optic striation grating produced by programed periodic modulation of the growth temperature

Aharon J. Agranat, Roy Kaner, Galina Perpelitsa, and Yehudit Garcia

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 192902 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2737124 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 7 May 2007

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Electrically controlled Bragg gratings implemented by periodic striations that were produced during the crystal growth are demonstrated in potassium lithium tantalate niobate crystals. The striations were generated by blowing air with periodic flow at the flux surface. The gratings were investigated by measurements of the diffraction efficiency versus the applied electric field. It was found that the composition grating induced correlated gratings of the refractive index and the low frequency dielectric constant. The latter, under the application of a uniform electric field, produced an electrically controlled birefringence grating through the quadratic electro-optic effect.
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78.20.Jq Electro-optical effects
42.79.Dj Gratings
42.70.Mp Nonlinear optical crystals
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)

Electronic transport of the manganite-based heterojunction with high carrier concentrations

Y. W. Xie, J. R. Sun, D. J. Wang, S. Liang, W. M. Lü, and B. G. Shen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 192903 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2728750 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 8 May 2007

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The transport property of the manganite heterojunction La0.9Ca0.1MnO3+δ/SrTiO3 (doped by 1 wt %Nb) has been experimentally studied. The most important results of the present work are the discovery of the charge tunneling-dominated transport process, characterized by the appearance of the rectifying behaviors fairly described by the Newman equation I∝exp(αT)exp(βV) in a considerable temperature range (α and β are constants, and I and V are current and voltage, respectively). Significant modification of magnetic field to charge tunneling is also observed. It is believed that magnetic field depresses junction resistance by reducing depletion width of the junction.
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75.70.Cn Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures)
75.47.Lx Magnetic oxides

Enhanced tunability due to interfacial polarization in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/BaTiO3 multilayers

C. C. Wang, M. He, F. Yang, J. Wen, G. Z. Liu, and H. B. Lu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 192904 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2737368 (3 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 8 May 2007

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BaTiO3 single layer and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/BaTiO3 multilayer films were fabricated by laser molecular-beam epitaxy. The voltage tunability of these films was investigated systematically in the frequency ranging from 10 kHz to 1 MHz. The results suggest that the sizable tunability arises from the interfacial polarization which can be strongly suppressed by applied dc biases. In multilayer films, remarkable enhancement in voltage tunability was observed, because the interfacial polarization was greatly enhanced by an interfacial polarization associated possibly with the Maxwell-Wagner relaxation. The authors’ results indicate that the voltage tunability in low frequency ( ⩽ 1 MHz) has a dominating contribution from the interfacial polarization.
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77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
77.22.Gm Dielectric loss and relaxation
77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates

Giant dielectric response and relaxor behaviors induced by charge and defect ordering in Sr(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 ceramics

Y. Y. Liu, X. M. Chen, X. Q. Liu, and L. Li

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 192905 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2737905 (3 pages) | Cited 38 times

Online Publication Date: 8 May 2007

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Dielectric spectra of Sr(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 ceramics were characterized in wide temperature (123–623 K) and frequency (100 Hz–1 MHz) ranges. Two dielectric relaxations with strong frequency dispersion and following the Arrhenius law were detected in low and high temperature ranges, respectively, and between them there was a giant dielectric constant step. The high temperature relaxorlike dielectric peak could be almost completely removed by annealing in O2, and it should be assigned to be a defect ordering induced relaxor behavior, while the low temperature dielectric relaxation was proposed to stem from the electronic ferroelectricity. Moreover, it was speculated that the giant dielectric constant step resulted from the competing balance between the low and high temperature dielectric relaxations.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
77.22.Gm Dielectric loss and relaxation
81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments

Cross-sectional observation of nanodomain dots formed in both congruent and stoichiometric LiTaO3 crystals

Yasuhiro Daimon and Yasuo Cho

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 192906 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2737906 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 8 May 2007

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Cross-sectional shapes of polarization reversal nanodomain dots, formed in both congruent and stoichiometric LiTaO3 single-crystal recording media, were studied using scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy. It was confirmed that the thickness of the domain wall of the nanodomain formed in stoichiometric LiTaO3 is much smaller than that in congruent LiTaO3. The variation in the domain wall thickness was evaluated as a function of sample thickness and depth position. It was confirmed that the domain wall thickness at the bottom of the sample was thinner than that at the top surface of the sample.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
42.70.-a Optical materials

Polarization switching and fatigue in Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 films sandwiched by oxide electrodes with different carrier types

Feng Chen, Q. Z. Liu, H. F. Wang, F. H. Zhang, and Wenbin Wu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 192907 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2737912 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 8 May 2007

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By using highly conductive p-type La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) and n-type La0.07Sr0.93SnO3 (LSSO) as electrodes, all-oxide Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) capacitors, LSMO/PZT/LSMO, LSSO/PZT/LSSO, LSSO/PZT/LSMO, and LSMO/PZT/LSSO, have been grown epitaxially on (001)SrTiO3 substrates, and their structure, switching, fatigue, and optical properties were investigated. Strikingly, contrary to the LSMO/PZT/LSMO capacitors, those having the n-type electrode show poor fatigue resistance especially at lower driving frequencies, which was further confirmed by using another n-type oxide electrode, SrTi0.9Sb0.1O3. The results suggest that with a depletion layer at the PZT/LSSO interface, charge accumulation and injection during switching may be responsible for the fatigue.
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84.32.Tt Capacitors
85.50.-n Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric devices

Cellular polyethylene-naphthalate ferroelectrets: Foaming in supercritical carbon dioxide, structural and electrical preparation, and resulting piezoelectricity

P. Fang, M. Wegener, W. Wirges, R. Gerhard, and L. Zirkel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 192908 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2738365 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 9 May 2007

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Polymer foams with electrically charged cellular voids, the so-called ferroelectrets, are soft piezoelectric transducer materials. Several polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate or cyclo-olefin copolymers are under investigation with respect to their suitability as ferroelectrets. Here, the authors report an additional ferroelectret polymer, cellular polyethylene-naphthalate (PEN), which was prepared from commercial uniform polymer films by means of foaming in supercritical carbon dioxide, inflation, biaxial stretching, electrical charging, and metallization. Piezoelectric d33 coefficients of up to 140 pC/N demonstrate the suitability of such cellular PEN films for transducer applications. Their piezoelectricity is partially stable at elevated temperatures as high as 100 °C.
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73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds
77.84.Jd Polymers; organic compounds
61.41.+e Polymers, elastomers, and plastics
77.65.Bn Piezoelectric and electrostrictive constants

Ferroelectric and optical properties of single crystal BaZnF4

Encarnación G. Víllora, Kiyoshi Shimamura, Fangli Jing, Andrey Medvedev, Shunji Takekawa, and Kenji Kitamura

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 192909 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2737365 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 9 May 2007

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Single crystalline BaZnF4 is grown by the Czochralski technique. Optical measurements indicate a wide transparency from the vacuum ultraviolet to the far infrared (0.145–10 μm). The ferroelectric properties are determined for the first time by the polarization hysteresis. The spontaneous polarization Ps is found to be 9 μC/cm2, while the coercive field Ec varies between 9 and 75 kV/cm, depending on the field frequency. The material properties are compared with those of BaMgF4, which is another candidate for the realization of all-solid-state lasers emitting in the ultraviolet wavelength region.
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77.84.Bw Elements, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, chalcogenides, etc.
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)

Temperature evolution of the structural properties of monodomain ferroelectric thin film

Pierre-Eymeric Janolin, Françoise Le Marrec, Jacques Chevreul, and Brahim Dkhil

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 192910 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2738060 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 11 May 2007

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The structural evolution of epitaxial monodomain (only 180° domains) ferroelectric PbTiO3 thin film has been investigated, using high-resolution, temperature-dependent, x-ray diffraction. The full set of lattice parameters was obtained from room temperature up to 850 K. It allowed the calculation of the different strains stored in the film at room temperature, underlying the difference between the mechanical strain and the misfit strain. The evolution of the misfit strain as a function of temperature was also calculated and was found to be consistent with the theoretical temperature-misfit strain phase diagram. These data strongly suggest that the film remains ferroelectric and tetragonal up to 940 K.
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68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
81.30.Dz Phase diagrams of other materials
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