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21 May 2007

Volume 90, Issue 21, Articles (21xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 213501 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2742294 (3 pages)

Jong-Hyun Ahn, Hoon-Sik Kim, Etienne Menard, Keon Jae Lee, Zhengtao Zhu, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Ralph G. Nuzzo, John A. Rogers, Islamshah Amlani, Vadim Kushner, Shawn G. Thomas, and Terrisa Duenas
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Ferroelectric and paraelectric Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 film structure distortions at room temperature and their effects on tunable microwave properties

L. M. B. Alldredge, Wontae Chang, Syed B. Qadri, Steven W. Kirchoefer, and Jeffrey M. Pond

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 212901 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2741610 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 21 May 2007

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Sputter-deposited Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films on (001) MgO were characterized for their dielectric properties with different lattice structures. With varying Ar:O2 ratios during deposition, the films showed either in-plane (c<a) or out-of-plane (c>a) tetragonal distortions, significantly affecting the dielectric constant and tunability. The dielectric constant exhibited clear hysteresis with dc bias at room temperature, indicating that the films were ferroelectric. The relationship between the dielectric properties and the distortions was the reverse of that observed in films deposited by pulsed laser deposition. The anisotropic in-plane dielectric behavior can be understood by relating polarization to film distortions and to the presence of permanent dipoles.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology

Improved ferroelectric and leakage properties in symmetric BiFeO3/SrTiO3 superlattice

Somenath Bose and S. B. Krupanidhi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 212902 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2742322 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 22 May 2007

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Symmetric BiFeO3/SrTiO3 superlattices were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO3 (100) substrates. Frequency independent and near saturated P-E hysteresis was observed in the case of a superlattice (periodicity of ∼ 11 nm) as compared to leaky hysteresis observed in epitaxial BiFeO3. Room temperature leakage current density of the superlattice was almost two orders of magnitude lower than that of BiFeO3. Observed leakage current behavior in case of both BiFeO3 and superlattice indicates the dominance of space charge limited conduction. Improvement in ferroelectric property was discussed in connection to enhanced epitaxial strain, reduced leakage current, and electrostatic interaction between BiFeO3 and SrTiO3.
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77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.22.Jp Dielectric breakdown and space-charge effects
68.65.Cd Superlattices
73.63.-b Electronic transport in nanoscale materials and structures

Complete set of elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric constants of orthorhombic 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.29PbTiO3 single crystal

Feifei Wang, Laihui Luo, Dan Zhou, Xiangyong Zhao, and Haosu Luo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 212903 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2743393 (3 pages) | Cited 26 times

Online Publication Date: 23 May 2007

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In order to better utilize the superior transverse piezoelectric properties of [011] poled (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 single crystals with the composition near the morphotropic phase boundary, a complete set of elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric constants of [011] poled 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.29PbTiO3 single crystal was measured by ultrasonic and resonance methods at room temperature. The electromechanical coupling coefficient k32 and transverse piezoelectric constant d32 can reach 0.94 and −1883 pC/N, respectively. This complete set of material properties will provide convenience for device designs and fundamental theoretical studies.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.65.Bn Piezoelectric and electrostrictive constants
81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations
62.20.D- Elasticity
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)

Partial decoupling between strain and polarization in mono-oriented Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin film

Pierre-Eymeric Janolin, Bernard Fraisse, Françoise Le Marrec, and Brahim Dkhil

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 212904 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2742313 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 24 May 2007

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The structural evolution of epitaxial mono-oriented (i.e., with the c axis perpendicular to the interface) ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin film has been investigated, using high-resolution, temperature dependent, x-ray diffraction. The full set of lattice parameters was obtained; it allowed to estimate the variation of the polarization as a function of temperature, underlying the difference between the polarization-induced tetragonality and the elastic one. The temperature evolution of the misfit strain has been calculated and found to be in good agreement with the theoretical temperature-misfit strain phase diagram.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations
68.60.Bs Mechanical and acoustical properties

Quantitative determination of tip parameters in piezoresponse force microscopy

Sergei V. Kalinin, Stephen Jesse, Brian J. Rodriguez, Eugene A. Eliseev, Venkatraman Gopalan, and Anna N. Morozovska

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 212905 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2742900 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 24 May 2007

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One of the key limiting factors in the quantitative interpretation of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is the lack of knowledge on the effective tip geometry. Here the authors derive analytical expressions for a 180° domain wall profile in PFM for the point charge, sphere plane, and disk electrode models of the tip. An approach for the determination of the effective tip parameters from the wall profile is suggested and illustrated for several ferroelectric materials. The calculated tip parameters can be used self-consistently for the interpretation of PFM resolution and spectroscopy data, i.e., linear imaging processes.
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77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis

Strong charge trapping and bistable electrowetting on nanocomposite fluoropolymer:BaTiO3 dielectrics

M. K. Kilaru, J. Heikenfeld, G. Lin, and J. E. Mark

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 212906 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2743388 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 24 May 2007

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Strong charge trapping and bistable electrowetting on nanocomposite fluoropolymer:BaTiO3 dielectrics are reported. Thin nanocomposite dielectrics were spin casted from BaTiO3 nanopowder dispersed in a fluoropolymer/fluorosolvent solution. Electrowetting contact angle versus voltage and capacitance measurements confirm a severalfold increase in film dielectric constant with increasing BaTiO3 content. Bistable electrowetting was observed as droplets retained a decreased contact angle at 0 V but would dewet the surface by briefly applying a reverse polarity voltage. Strong charge trapping in the nanocomposite was confirmed by charge-voltage hysteresis. These results could prove important for low-power applications such as bistable displays and electronic paper.
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77.84.Lf Composite materials
68.08.Bc Wetting
68.03.Cd Surface tension and related phenomena
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)

Optical measurement of the converse piezoelectric d33 coefficients of bulk and microtubular zinc oxide crystals

John Y. Fu, Paris Y. Liu, Jiping Cheng, Amar S. Bhalla, and Ruyan Guo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 212907 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2742587 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 25 May 2007

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) crystal is a semiconductor material; the direct measurement and the interpretation of its piezoelectric coefficients are challenging. In this letter, the authors investigate the piezoelectric properties (d33 coefficient) of a bulk ZnO sample by measuring its converse piezoelectric effect using an optical method. The experimental data agree with recent theoretical calculations. The piezoelectric properties of a ZnO hexagonal microtube, which has a highly symmetrical hexagonal tubular structure, are also studied. The results demonstrate that the microtubular ZnO has significantly different piezoelectric properties from that of ZnO bulk crystal, especially under the applied electric fields of low frequencies.
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77.84.Bw Elements, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, chalcogenides, etc.
77.65.Bn Piezoelectric and electrostrictive constants

Effect of annealing on dielectric behavior and electrical conduction of W6+ doped Bi3TiNbO9 ceramics

Zhiyong Zhou, Yuchen Li, Lihui Yang, Xianlin Dong, and Haixue Yan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 212908 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2740189 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 25 May 2007

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Bi3Ti1−xWxNbO9+δ (x = 0.15) (WBTN-15) ceramics were prepared using the solid state reaction method, and the behaviors of oxygen vacancies were confirmed and investigated by annealing the ceramic samples in O2 and Ar gas atmospheres. Dielectric measurements showed that oxygen vacancies had great contributions to the dielectric loss and constant of Ar-annealed sample, compared with those of as-sintered and O2-annealed samples. dc conductivity measurements indicate that oxygen vacancies played an important role mainly at lower temperature. The WBTN-15 ceramics exhibit intrinsic conduction mechanism at high temperature range and electronic and oxygen-vacancy ionic mixed conduction mechanism at low temperature range.
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77.22.Gm Dielectric loss and relaxation
81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
72.60.+g Mixed conductivity and conductivity transitions
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