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25 Jun 2007

Volume 90, Issue 26, Articles (26xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 262501 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2752015 (3 pages)

Ian Appelbaum and Douwe J. Monsma
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Characterization of textural surfaces using wave atoms

Jianwei Ma

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 264101 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2751584 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 26 June 2007

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Surface texture is one of the most important factors affecting the functional performance of components in many disciplines including metrology, tribology, fluid mechanics, optics, and manufacturing. Applications of wavelets and curvelets on functional surfaces have become an increasing interest. Unfortunately, they are not optimal to analyze the textural surfaces because they ignore the geometric properties of textures. In this letter, a wave atom transform combined with total variation minimization is proposed to characterize surfaces with oriented textural scratches. In comparison to curvelets, wave atoms not only capture the coherence of the pattern along the oscillations but also the pattern across the oscillations. The ability of the developed geometric multiscale method is demonstrated on engineering surfaces.
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68.35.-p Solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces: structure and energetics

Liquid transport generated by a flashing field-induced wettability ratchet

Karin John and Uwe Thiele

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 264102 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2751582 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 27 June 2007

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The authors develop a model for ratchet-driven macroscopic transport of a continuous phase. The transport relies on a field-induced dewetting-spreading cycle of a liquid film based on a switchable, spatially asymmetric, periodic interaction of the free surface of the film and the solid substrate. The concept is exemplified using an evolution equation for a dielectric liquid film under an inhomogeneous voltage. The authors analyze the influence of the various phases of the ratchet cycle on the transport properties. Conditions for maximal transport and the efficiency of transport under load are discussed.
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68.15.+e Liquid thin films
77.84.Nh Liquids, emulsions, and suspensions; liquid crystals
47.55.nd Spreading films
68.08.Bc Wetting

Biosensor utilizing resist-derived carbon nanostructures

Jung A Lee, Seung S. Lee, Kwang-Cheol Lee, Se Il Park, Byung-Chill Woo, and Jeong-O Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 264103 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2752719 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 27 June 2007

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The authors present a biosensor using pyrolyzed electron beam resist nanostructures as an active conducting channel. Versatile, arbitrarily shaped nanostructures such as nanowires, nanodots, and suspended nanobridges are fabricated by a facile electron beam resist thermal decomposition method. The nanostructures typically show 15–21 nm thickness, 100–200 nm width, 0.6 nm roughness, and p-type majority conduction with tailored resistivity of 5.2–0.75 Ω cm. Streptavidin-biotin binding and pH dependent conductance modulation are demonstrated using pyrolyzed resist based devices.
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87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
81.16.Nd Micro- and nanolithography
87.14.E- Proteins
82.30.Lp Decomposition reactions (pyrolysis, dissociation, and fragmentation)

Bifunctional carbon nanotube networks for supercapacitors

M. Kaempgen, J. Ma, G. Gruner, G. Wee, and S. G. Mhaisalkar

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 264104 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2749187 (2 pages) | Cited 41 times

Online Publication Date: 28 June 2007

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Highly conducting and porous carbon nanotube (CNT) networks are used as the sole electron conducting material in supercapacitors. The high conductivity of CNT networks and the high surface area allow the replacement of both the metallic current collector and the active material that forms one side of the electrochemical double layer. The combination of both functions in one single layer leads to lightweight charge storage devices that can be manufactured using simple and cheap room temperature methods. The authors have demonstrated that the specific capacitance of such CNT electrodes is comparable to that of other carbon electrodes.
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84.32.Tt Capacitors
85.35.Kt Nanotube devices

Magnetically controlled gravity for protein crystal growth

M. C. R. Heijna, P. W. G. Poodt, K. Tsukamoto, W. J. de Grip, P. C. M. Christianen, J. C. Maan, J. L. A. Hendrix, W. J. P. van Enckevort, and E. Vlieg

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 264105 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2752718 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 29 June 2007

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The occurrence of convective flows during crystal growth is believed to adversely affect crystal quality. Space-based crystal growth is therefore actively pursued, particularly for protein crystals, because buoyancy-driven convection is suppressed in microgravity. Here the authors demonstrate that magnetic fields can be used to tune the effective gravity from 1 to −0.15 g during the growth of diamagnetic lysozyme crystals and that convection can be damped, stopped, and even reversed. The growth velocity is strongly reduced in simulated microgravity. This method provides a versatile and accessible way to realize an earth-based tunable gravity environment for crystal growth in which protein crystal quality may be optimized.
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87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
07.87.+v Spaceborne and space research instruments, apparatus, and components (satellites, space vehicles, etc.)
87.14.E- Proteins
47.55.P- Buoyancy-driven flows; convection
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