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8 Jan 2007

Volume 90, Issue 2, Articles (02xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 022501 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430693 (3 pages)

V. Zakosarenko, N. Bondarenko, S. H. W. van der Ploeg, A. Izmalkov, S. Linzen, J. Kunert, M. Grajcar, E. Il’ichev, and H.-G. Meyer
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Realization of a classical counterpart of a scalable design for adiabatic quantum computation

V. Zakosarenko, N. Bondarenko, S. H. W. van der Ploeg, A. Izmalkov, S. Linzen, J. Kunert, M. Grajcar, E. Il’ichev, and H.-G. Meyer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 022501 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430693 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 8 January 2007

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The authors implement a classical counterpart of a scalable design for adiabatic quantum computation. The key element of this design is a coupler providing controllable coupling between two bistable elements (in our case superconducting rings with a single Josephson junction playing the role of a classical counterpart of superconducting flux qubits). The coupler is also a superconducting ring with a single Josephson junction that operates in the nonhysteretic mode with a screening parameter of about 0.9. The flux coupling between two bistable rings can be controlled by changing the magnetic flux through the coupler. Since the coupling amplitude is proportional to the derivative of the coupler’s current-flux relation, the coupling can be tuned from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic. In between the coupling can also be switched off.
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03.67.Lx Quantum computation architectures and implementations
85.25.Dq Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs)

Shaping of microwave pulses using phase-sensitive spin-wave amplifier

A. A. Serga, T. Schneider, B. Hillebrands, M. P. Kostylev, and A. N. Slavin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 022502 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2429028 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 8 January 2007

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It is shown that by introducing a phase shift between the signal microwave pulse and the double-frequency pumping pulse in a parametric spin-wave amplifier it is possible to effectively control the shape of the output microwave pulse. The observed pulse shaping results from the interference of a signal pulse with copropagating “idle” pulse parametrically excited by pumping and with the parasitic standing spin waves amplified by pumping from the thermal level. This interpretation is supported by the numerical simulation and by the results of a time-resolved Brillouin light scattering experiment.
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84.30.Le Amplifiers
84.40.Ua Telecommunications: signal transmission and processing; communication satellites

Enhanced magnetoelectric effects in composite of piezoelectric ceramics, rare-earth iron alloys, and ultrasonic horn

Ping Li, Yumei Wen, and Leixiang Bian

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 022503 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2431469 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 9 January 2007

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A magnetoelectric (ME) composite consisting of a copper ultrasonic horn, a magnetostrictive Terfenol-D (TbxDy1−xFe2) plate, and multiple piezoelectric PZT [Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3] plates has been developed. The ultrasonic horn converges and amplifies the vibrating magnitude and drives PZT plates at wide bandwidth. The composite with multiple PZT plates electrically connected in series/parallel exhibits a 25 times higher ME voltage coefficient than the previous laminate composite of PZT and Terfenol-D plates. 100 times higher ME voltage coefficients can be obtained by using a silicon horn composite with a higher Q value of 104 and more PZT plates of ten electrically connected in series/parallel.
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75.80.+q Magnetomechanical effects, magnetostriction
77.65.-j Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects
77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates

Magnetic characterization and switching of Co nanorings in current-perpendicular-to-plane configuration

T. Yang, M. Hara, A. Hirohata, T. Kimura, and Y. Otani

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 022504 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2431471 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 9 January 2007

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The authors fabricated Co nanorings incorporated in the vertical pseudo-spin-valve nanopillar structures with deep submicron lateral sizes. It is shown that the current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance can be used to characterize a very small magnetic nanoring effectively. Both the onion state and the flux-closure vortex state are observed. The Co nanorings can be switched between the onion states as well as between onion and vortex states not only by the external field but also by the perpendicularly injected dc current.
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81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
75.47.De Giant magnetoresistance
75.50.Cc Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys
61.46.Hk Nanocrystals

Room-temperature ferromagnetism in self-assembled (In, Mn)As quantum dots

Y. F. Chen, J. H. Huang, W. N. Lee, T. S. Chin, R. T. Huang, F. R. Chen, J. J. Kai, and H. C. Ku

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 022505 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430930 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 10 January 2007

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Self-assembled In1−xMnxAs quantum dots (0.19 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.45) have been grown on GaAs (100) substrates by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy. The microstructure analysis revealed that the uniformly distributed In1−xMnxAs dots have a zinc blende structure as x ⩽ 0.38. Furthermore, all samples exhibit ferromagnetic state at 5 K, and their Curie temperatures range from 260 to 340 K varying with x. These (In, Mn)As quantum dots are promising for room-temperature spintronic devices.
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75.75.-c Magnetic properties of nanostructures
75.50.Pp Magnetic semiconductors
75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)

Hysteretic ac loss of superconducting strips simultaneously exposed to ac transport current and phase-different ac magnetic field

Yasunori Mawatari and Kazuhiro Kajikawa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 022506 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2431013 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 10 January 2007

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A simple analytical expression is presented for hysteretic ac loss Q of a superconducting strip simultaneously exposed to an ac transport current I0 cos ωt and a phase-different ac magnetic field H0 cos(ωt+θ0). On the basis of the critical state model, the authors calculate Q for small current amplitude I0⪡Ic, for small magnetic field amplitude H0⪡Ic/2πa, and for arbitrary phase difference θ0, where Ic is the critical current and 2a is the width of the strip. The resulting expression for Q = Q(I0,H0,θ0) is a simple biquadratic function of both I0 and H0, and Q becomes maximum (minimum) when θ0 = 0 or π (θ0 = π/2).
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74.25.-q Properties of superconductors
74.81.-g Inhomogeneous superconductors and superconducting systems, including electronic inhomogeneities

Epitaxial growth and magnetic properties of the first five members of the layered Srn+1RunO3n+1 oxide series

W. Tian, J. H. Haeni, D. G. Schlom, E. Hutchinson, B. L. Sheu, M. M. Rosario, P. Schiffer, Y. Liu, M. A. Zurbuchen, and X. Q. Pan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 022507 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430941 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 12 January 2007

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Epitaxial thin films of the n = 1–5 members of the layered Srn+1RunO3n+1 oxide series were produced by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm that these films are epitaxially oriented and nearly phase pure (>98%). The Sr2RuO4 (n = 1) and Sr3Ru2O7 (n = 2) samples show no ferromagnetic transition in the range from 5 to 300 K, while the Sr4Ru3O10 (n = 3), Sr5Ru4O13 (n = 4), and Sr6Ru5O16 (n = 5) samples show ferromagnetic transitions at 85, 95, and 130 K, respectively.
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81.15.Hi Molecular, atomic, ion, and chemical beam epitaxy
68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films

Electric switching and memory devices made from RbAg4I5 films

X. F. Liang, Y. Chen, L. Chen, J. Yin, and Z. G. Liu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 022508 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2431438 (3 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 12 January 2007

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Electric switching and memory effects were observed on devices composed of a RbAg4I5 film sandwiched between Ag and Pt electrodes. The RbAg4I5 films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition and the lateral size of devices was scaled down to 300 nm by focused ion beam lithography. The device can be switched between high- and low-resistance states with a ratio of ∼ 103 by applying voltage with opposite polarities. The read-write cycles could be repeated at 1 kHz and for 104 times. The switching characters are attributed to the formation or breakdown of Ag filaments in RbAg4I5 films induced by electrochemical reactions.
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84.30.Sk Pulse and digital circuits

Manipulation of spin reorientation transition of ultrathin Co films by using an artificially roughened Pd(111) substrate

Jong-Ryul Jeong, J. A. C. Bland, Jeong-Won Lee, Yong-Sung Park, and Sung-Chul Shin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 022509 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2431442 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 12 January 2007

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The authors present a simple method to control the spin reorientation transition (SRT) in ultrathin Co films using an artificially roughened substrate prepared by ion bombardment with varying the incident angle φ from 0° to 80°. The combined study of surface magneto-optical Kerr effects and scanning tunneling microscopy revealed a drastic increase of the onset thickness of the SRT (tc) by up to 41% for the substrate sputtered at φ = 80°, whereas there is an 18% reduction for the φ = 20° sample relative to the SRT in the smooth surface. The second- and fourth-order surface anisotropies (K2s and K4s) responsible for the drastic change in the SRT are determined from a theoretical fit to the magnetization orientation in the spin reorientation region.
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75.50.Cc Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys
75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
75.40.Gb Dynamic properties (dynamic susceptibility, spin waves, spin diffusion, dynamic scaling, etc.)
78.20.Ls Magneto-optical effects
75.70.Rf Surface magnetism
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects

Soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism study of weakly ferromagnetic Zn1−xVxO thin film

Y. Ishida, J. I. Hwang, M. Kobayashi, Y. Takeda, K. Mamiya, J. Okamoto, S.-I. Fujimori, T. Okane, K. Terai, Y. Saitoh, Y. Muramatsu, A. Fujimori, A. Tanaka, H. Saeki, T. Kawai, et al.

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 022510 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2431571 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 12 January 2007

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The authors performed a soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) study of a Zn1−xVxO thin film, which showed a small ferromagnetic moment. Field and temperature dependences of V 2p XMCD signals indicated the coexistence of Curie-Weiss paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic V ions, quantitatively consistent with the magnetization measurements. The authors attributed the paramagnetic signal to V ions substituting for Zn sites, which are somewhat elongated along the c axis. A possible formation of ferromagnetically dead layers in the surface region of the film is also discussed.
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75.50.Pp Magnetic semiconductors
75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
75.20.Ck Nonmetals
75.50.Ee Antiferromagnetics
75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
78.20.Ls Magneto-optical effects
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